1898

1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year beginning on a Saturday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January

• 1 January: the Cuban autonomous government assumes its functions and begins to govern.
• 13 January: Emile Zola publishes his famous I accuse in L'Aurore.
• January 29: In the Turkish city of Balıkesir there is an earthquake of 7.0 leaving a balance of 500 dead and destroying hundreds of buildings.

February

• February 15: the battleship Maine zobra in Havana Bay due to an explosion.

March

• March 19: In Iramuco (Guanajuato), the Fidencio Child was born, a Mexican curandero.
• March 30: In San Francisco Bay there is a 6.4 earthquake that causes a small tsunami.

April

• April 25: The United States declares war on Spain following the collapse of the battle Maine in Cuba.

June

• June 12: In the Philippines, General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaims the independence of his country in Spain (there will be another statement on July 18).
• June 30: in Baler (Philippines), a patrol of Spanish soldiers led by Saturnino Martín Cerezo, falls into an ambush. Baler's place begins.

July

• 1 July: in the known as Batalla de las Colinas de San Juan, 300 Spanish soldiers managed to repel an American force of about 15 000 or 20 000 men including Theodore Roosevelt.
• 2 July: installation in Argentina of the first pilot in the works of Puerto militar in Punta Alta and creation of the city.
• 3 July:
  • Spain loses Cuba after being defeated in the Naval Battle of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago Bay, the squad of six ships led by the Admiral Cervera. 323 Spaniards died.
  • There is an almost total eclipse of Luna.
• July 15: in Cuba—in the framework of the Spanish-American War—Capitula Santiago de Cuba.
• July 18: The Philippines proclaims its independence from Spain.
• July 25: In the framework of the Hispanic-American War, the capitulate Puerto Rico.

August

• August 7: New President Manuel Antonio Sanclemente is held in Colombia as president for the period 1898-1904
• August 12: Spain and the United States sign the armistice of the Cuban War.
• August 14: In the Philippines, in the framework of the Hispanic-American War, Chapter Manila.
• August 15: in Palermo (Buenos Aires) the football team Club Atlético Students was founded.

September

• September 11: The Battle of Fashoda is being delivered in Sudan.

October

• October 12: In Argentina, Julio Argentino Roca assumes for the second time the presidency.

November

• November 24: In Ávila, the first issue of Diario de Ávila departs to the street, although its history begins to be written in 1888 with its predecessor El Eco de la Verdad. 120 years later, on November 28, 2018 he celebrated his anniversary Gala with an absolute full at the Municipal Exhibition and Congress Centre.
• 27 November: the Plaza de toros Colón de Querétaro is inaugurated in Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.

December

• 10 December: in Paris, Spain and the United States sign the Treaty of Paris that puts an end to the war of Cuba: Spain yields the territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines; this represents the end of the Spanish Empire.
• Near Khartoum, the Battle of Omdurman is released: Britain definitely defeats the Sudanese rebels of the Mahdi Army.
• The United States occupies the Hawaiian Islands.
• December 12: in Bolivia, the Federal War is being waged by Colonel José Manuel Pando.

Art and literature

• Emile Zola: I accuse.
• Antonio Gaudí: Güell Park.
• H. G. Wells: The War of the Worlds.
• Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: La barraca.
• Emilio Salgari: The Black Corsary.
• Henry James: Another Back of Tuerca.
• Herbert James Draper: I'm sorry for Icarus..

Science and technology

• Pierre and Marie Curie discovered the radio.
• July 18: Marie and Pierre Curie discover a new chemical, the polonium.
• Max Planck discovered what would be called a photon in 1926.

Sports

Football

• May 8: The first games of the Italian Football League are played.
• The Athletic Club of Bilbao is founded.
• The Orizaba Athletic Club, with branches in cricket and other sports (up to 1901 the football team was organized).
• August 15, 1898 The Club Atlético Estudiantes de Buenos Aires was founded.
• The first edition of the Dutch football championship, under the regional tournament classification system, won by the RAP Amsterdam, was distributed.

Tennis

• Universidad de Estados Unidos:
  • Individual winner: Juliette Atkinson by the United States.
  • Individual winner: Malcolm Whitman by the United States.

• Wimbledon Championship:
  • Individual Winner: Charlotte Cooper by UK.
  • Individual winner: Reginald Doherty by UK.

• French Championship:
  • Individual winner: Adine Masson for France.
  • Individual winner: Paul Aymé by UK.

Music

• September 15: In Mexico the young Gaspar Vargas López (1880-1969) founded the Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán (Jalisco).
• December 29: the symphonic poem is held in Munich Don QuixoteRichard Strauss.

Cinema

• Life and Passion of Jesus Christof the Lumière brothers.

Births

January

• 1 January:
  • Luisa Bertana, Argentine opera singer (f. 1933).
  • Jesús Lara, writer, poet, novelist, Quechua linguist, indigenist, journalist and Bolivian politician (f. 1980).

Marion Davies

• 3 January:
  • Marion Davies, American actress (f. 1961).
  • Carlos Keller Rueff, Chilean politician (f. 1974).
• 4 January: Maruxa Fandiño Ricart, Galician woman, of the sisters Las Dos Marías (f. 1980).
• 5 January:
  • Joseph Engling, German priest (f. 1918).
  • Enrique Policastro, Argentine painter and illustrator (f. 1971).
• January 6: Blanca Isaza de Jaramillo Meza, Colombian poet (f. 1967).
• 14 January: Karle Garmendia Aldaz, a Spanish painter (f. 1983).
• January 16: Margaret Booth, American Film Editors (f. 2002).
• January 21: Nicolás Rodríguez, a Mexican eactor of Spanish origin (f. 1966).
• 23 January:
  • Serguéi Eisenstein, director of Russian theater and film director (f. 1948).
  • Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, a Colombian politician (f. 1948).
• January 24: Karl Hermann Frank, the German Nazi military of the SS (f. 1946).
• January 25: Oscar Murúa, Guatemalan painter (f. 1980).

February

• 1 February: Juan Bautista Guido, bandoneonist, composer and director of Argentine orchestra dedicated to the genre of tango (f. 1945).
• February 2nd: Candida Beltrán Rendón, director, actress, producer and Mexican composer (f. 1984).
• February 3: Alvar Aalto, architect, Finnish urbanist (f. 1976).
• February 6: Magda Donato, journalist, playwright, narrator, actress and Spanish feminist activist (f. 1966).
• 7 February: Luis Tejada Cano, journalist and Colombian chronicler (f. 1924).
• 9 February: Bartine Burkett, American actress (f. 1994).

Bertolt Brecht

• February 10: Bertolt Brecht, German writer (f. 1956).
• February 14: Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz, historian, poet, writer and Argentine journalist (f. 1959).
• February 18: Enzo Ferrari, Italian motor businessman (f. 1988).
• February 18: Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (f. 1980).
• February 20: Jimmy Yancey, American pianist and blues composer (f. 1951).

March

• 1 March: Ramón Gómez Cornet, Argentine painter (f. 1964)
• 4 March:
  • Hans Krebs, German military (f. 1945)
  • Pio Tamayo, Venezuelan poet, researcher and writer (f. 1935)
• March 5: Okawa Mass, Japanese supercentenary (f. 2015).
• March 11: Dorothy Gish, American actress (f. 1968).
• March 12: Tian Han, Chinese writer and playwright (f. 1968).
• March 20: Luis Palés Matos, Puerto Rican poet (f. 1959).
• March 22: Dora Puelma, a painter, sculptor and Chilean writer, who is affiliated with the Generation of 13 (f. 1972).
• March 25: Marcelle Narbonne, supercentenary (f. 2012).
• March 26: María Bernaldo de Quirós, the first woman in Spain to obtain an international aeroplane pilot (f. 1983).

April

Vicente Aleixandre

• April 4: Agnes Ayres, American film actress (f. 1940).
• April 5: María Luisa Muñoz de Vargas, Spanish poet of the 20th century (f. 1975).
• April 9: Julius Patzak, Austrian tenor (f. 1974).
• April 14: Virginia Vera, singer, guitarist, composer and Argentine actress of Italian origin (f. 1949).
• 26 April:
  • John Grierson, British documentary film director (f. 1972).
  • Florinda Lazos León, Mexican revolutionary, journalist, politics, nurse, teacher, deputy and suffrageist (f. 1973).
  • Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish poet of the Generation of 27 (f. 1984).

May

Golda Meir

• 1 May:
  • Lidia Liss, actress, pioneer of Argentine mute cinema. (f. 1976).
  • Ildefonso Sánchez del Río, Spanish road engineer (f. 1980).
  • Juan Felipe Toruño, journalist and teacher nicaraguo-salvadoreño (f. 1980).
• 3 May: Golda Meir, Israeli policy (f. 1978).
• 4 May: Adelaida Argüelles, Mexican student leader (f. 1992).
• May 8: Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian cardinal, collaborator of the Nazis (f. 1960).
• May 9: Arend Heyting Dutch mathematician (f. 1980).
• May 10: Ada Blackjack from the Inupiat people who were part of an expedition to the island of Wrangel (f. 1983).
• 11 May: Adolfo Rafael Avilés Adolfo Rafael Avilés (f. 1971).

Rosa Chacel

• May 15: Arletty, French actress and singer (f. 1992).
• 16 May:
  • Jorge Guillermo Leguía, Peruvian historian (f. 1934).
  • Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese film director (f. 1956).
• 17 May: Lama Anagarika Govinda, German Buddhist philosopher and writer (f. 1985).
• May 18: Felix Fernández Galeano, poet and Paraguayan musician (f. 1984).
• May 19: Julius Evola, Italian political thinker (f. 1974).

June

Federico García Lorca

• June 3: Rosa Chacel, Spanish writer of the Generation of 27 (f. 1994).
• June 5: Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet of the Generation of 27 (f. 1936).
• 6 June: Ninette de Valois, dancer, choreographer and British businessman, founder of the Royal Ballet (f. 2001).
• June 14: Alberto Adriani, economist, writer and Venezuelan politician (f. 1936).
• June 17: Harry Patch, British Supercentennial and last surviving person who fought in the West Front trenches, First World War (f. 2009).
• June 25: Camilo Daza, Colombian aviator (f. 1975).
• 26 June:
  • Willy Messerschmitt, German aviation engineer (f. 1978).
  • Henri Pigozzi, trader and industrial italo-francés, founder of the automobile manufacturer SIMCA (f. 1964).
• June 29: Petrona Carrizo de Gandulfo, Argentine television cook (f. 1992).

July

• 1 July: Julia Arévalo, Uruguayan politics, belonging to the Communist Party of Uruguay (f. 1985).
• July 4: Pilar Barbosa, educator, historian, and Puerto Rican political activist (f. 1997).
• July 6: Hanns Eisler, German-Austrian composer of classical music (f. 1962).
• 14 July: Vicente Padula, Argentine film and television actor (f. 1967).
• 17 July: Alfonso Orantes, a Guatemalan poet (f. 1985).
• 19 July:
  • Étienne Decroux, actor and French mime (f. 1991).
  • Herbert Marcuse, German philosopher and sociologist (f. 1979).
  • Joaquín Peinado, Spanish Cubist painter (f. 1975).
• July 27: Concha Méndez, writer, poet, author of Spanish theatre and screenwriter (f. 1986).
• July 30: Henry Moore, British sculptor (f. 1986).

August

• 13 August: Jean Borotra, French tennis player (f. 1994).
• August 18: Amalia González Caballero de Castillo Ledón, first woman ambassador of Mexico (f. 1986).
• August 22: Eduardo Armani, violinist and director of Argentine orchestra (f. 1970).

September

Maria Rosa Oliver

• September 10: María Rosa Oliver, writer, essayist and Argentine activist. (f. 1977).
• September 11: Carmen Ruiz Moragas, Spanish actress. (f. 1936).
• September 19: Giuseppe Saragat, Italian politician, fifth president (f. 1988).
• 20 September:
  • Matilde Cantos, Spanish Socialist Policy (f. 1987).
  • Josefa Llanes Escoda, a civic leader and a Filipino social worker (f. 1945).
• September 23: Heitor dos Prazeres, composer, singer and Brazilian painter (f. 1966).
• September 26: George Gershwin, American composer (f. 1937).

October

• October 3: Gertrude Berg, American actress and screenwriter (f. 1966).
• October 6: Mitchell Leisen, director of American cinema (f. 1972).
• October 10: Pierre Kœning, French politician and military (f. 1970).
• 22 October: Dámaso Alonso, a Spanish poet (f. 1990).

November

• 13 November: Fidencio Child, Mexican curator (f. 1938).
• November 16: Warren McCulloch, American neurologist and cybernetic (f. 1969).
• 17 November: Maurice Journeau, French composer (f. 1999).
• 21 November: René Magritte, Belgian surrealist painter (f. 1967).
• November 23: Rachel Fuller Brown, American Chemistry (f. 1980).

Hector Scarone

• 26 November: Héctor Scarone, Uruguayan footballer (f.1967).
• 29 November: Clive Staples Lewis, Irish writer (f. 1963).

December

• 4 December: Xavier Zubiri, Spanish philosopher (f. 1983).
• December 9: Maria de Arruda Müller, a Brazilian teacher and poet (f. 2003).
• December 10: Severo Fernández, a comic film and theatre actor (f. 1961).
• December 11: Taro Shoji, Japanese singer (f. 1972).
• December 12: Humberto Zarrilli, Uruguayan poet and pedagogue (f. 1964).
• December 15: Fernando Remacha, Spanish composer (f. 1984).

Unknown date

• María Cinta Balagué, a Spanish journalist, the first female radio broadcaster in Spain (f. 1985).

Deaths

• January 14: Lewis Carroll, logical, mathematical, photographer and British novelist (n. 1832).
• February 11: Félix María Zuloaga, Mexican military and political (n. 1813)
• March 8: Frascuelo, Spanish bullfighter (n. 1842).
• March 11: Tigran Chukhacheán, Armenian composer (n. 1837).
• March 11: William Rosecrans, American General (n. 1819).
• April 16: Joaquín Crespo, a Venezuelan military and politician (n. 1841).
• July 3: Fernando Villaamil, Spanish navy (n. 1845).
• July 20: Yuri Karlovich Arnold, composer, musical educator and Russian musicologist (n. 1811).
• July 29: Arturo Michelena, Venezuelan painter (n. 1863).
• July 29: John Alexander Queen Newlands, British chemical.
• 30 July: Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor between 1871 and 1890 (n. 1815).
• 9 September: Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (n. 1842).
• September 10: Sissi, austro-Hungarian empress (n. 1837).
• September 18: Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican surgeon (n. 1827).
• September 30: Laureano Fuentes Matons, violinist, orchestra director and classic Cuban composer (n. 1825).
• 29 November: Angel Ganivet, Spanish writer and diplomat (n. 1865).
• 24 December: Chárbel Makhlouf, a Lebanese Maronite religious (n. 1828).
• December 29: Friedrich Alexander Buhse, French botanist (n. 1821).
• December 3: Federico Olaria, Spanish painter (n. 1848).