1875

1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year beginning on a Friday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Events

Allegory of the year 1875; engraving by Arturo Carretero and Sánchez of drawing by Juan Comba published on January 8, 1875 on the pages of La Ilustración Española y Americana.

January

• January 5: In Paris, France, Opera Garnier opened.
• 9 January: arrives in Barcelona Spain) the Spanish king Alfonso XII coming from Marseilles on board the frigate of Navas de Tolosa.
• 11 January: In Valencia the Spanish king Alfonso XII disembarked, and went to Madrid to occupy the throne of Spain.

February

• February 3: During the Third Carlist War there is the Surprise of Lacar, a event in which Alfonso XII was about to be captured by the Carlist troops.
• 7 February: In Paris, France, the Opera building, designed by Garnier, is inaugurated.
• 11 February: In Paris, Alexandre Dumas entered the French Academy.
• February 25: Guangxu chosen emperor of China.

March

• 2 March: Béla Wenckheim is Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary.
• March 10: Louis Buffet is Prime Minister of France.
• March 29: in Iceland, eruption of the Askja volcano.

April

• 10 April:
  • In Japan, the creation of the Order of the rising Sun.
  • In Alberta, Canada, the Fort of Calgary is established, later, from 1894 the city of Calgary.
• April 29: Portugal approves the law that suppresses slavery in all overseas provinces.

May

• May 8: Charílaos Trikoúpis is the prime minister of Greece.
• May 17: In Louisville, Kentucky, United States, the first edition of the Kentucky Derby horse race.
• 18 May: the city of Cúcuta (Colombia) is destroyed by an earthquake of 7.3 degrees, leaving a balance of 14,000 victims. It also affects the Venezuelan state of Táchira.
• May 22: Albert Barnes Steinberger is the prime minister of Samoa.

June

• June 2: In the United States, the kwahadis—the last Indians still fighting— surrender to the army.
• 19 June: in Bosnia and Herzegovina, uprising against Turkey.

July

• July 7: In Spain, the Battle of Treviño is being waged in the framework of the Third Carlist War.

August

• August 6: President Gabriel García Moreno is murdered in Ecuador.

September

• September 7: In Uruguay the Tricolor Revolution began against the government of Pedro Varela, it was easily defeated by Lorenzo Latorre and Máximo Santos (futurous presidents of Uruguay).

October

• 15 October: in the province of Santa Fe (Argentina), the villa of Santa Teresa (now the city of Totoras) is founded, located approximately 450 km north of Buenos Aires (capital of the country), and 66 km northwest of Rosario.
• October 28: In Venezuela the National Pantheon is inaugurated.

November

• 11 November: from Turin to South America the first expedition of Salesian missionaries.
• 17 November: In New York it was founded by the Theosophical Society.
• 17 November: The Salvadoran Academy of Language is established in El Salvador.
• 21 November: in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) the Brandsen party was founded.

December

• England acquires the actions of the Suez Canal.
• In France, Jules Dufaure replaces Louis Buffet at the head of government.
• In Egypt, the pacha (rey) sells its shares of the Suez Canal.

Art and literature

• Sully Prudhomme: The vain affections.
• Mark Twain: Life in the Mississippi.
• Emile Zola: The fall of the Mouret abat.

Science and technology

• June 3: In Germany, astronomer Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (1813-1890) discovered the Adeona asteroid.
• June 8: Alphonse Borrelly discovers the asteroid (146) Lucina.
• A. Bollee: first steam car.
• Hertwing observes the phenomenon of fertilization on the hedgehog egg.
• Peters first describes the Antarctic sea lion (Arctocephalus gazella).
• For the first time, the Mariana pit was blown at the HMS Challenger

Music

• March 3: at the Teatro de la Opéra-Comique in Paris (France) George Bizet premieres his opera Carmen.
• First exhibition of the Impressionist group.

Sports

• April 26: in Lima (Peru) the Club de Regatas Lima is founded.
• The third edition of the Olympic Games of Zappas, the first attempt to resurrect the ancient Olympic games; in these games they participated only Greek nationals.
• The Blackburn Rovers is founded in Blackburn.
• The Birmingham City is founded in Birmingham (England).

Births

January

• January 7: Manuel Aranaz Castellanos, Cuban writer.
• 7 January: Gustav Flatow, German gymnast.
• January 9: Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor and philanthropist (f. 1942).
• January 9: Julio Herrera and Reissig, Uruguayan poet (f. 1910).
• 14 January: Albert Schweitzer, theologian, philosopher, musicologist and German missionary physician, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1952 (f. 1965).
• 17 January: Pedro Mata Domínguez, a Spanish writer (f. 1946).
• 17 January: Florencio Sánchez, playwright and Uruguayan journalist (f. 1910).
• 17 January: Tomás Soley Güell, economist and Costa Rican historian (f. 1943).
• January 22: D. W. Griffith, American filmmaker (f. 1948).
• January 28: Julián Carrillo, composer, orchestra director and Mexican violinist (f. 1965).

February

• February 14: José Gascón and Marín, a Spanish lawyer and politician (f. 1962).
• 21 February: Jeanne Calment, a French supercentenary and the longest person in history. (f. 1997).

March

• March 4: Mihály Károlyi, Hungarian Prime Minister (f. 1955).
• 7 March: Maurice Ravel, French composer (f. 1937).
• March 11: Narcissus Alonso Cortés, poet, researcher and historian of Spanish literature (f. 1972).
• March 24: Henry Hallett Dale, British physiologist, nobel medical prize in 1936 (f. 1968).
• March 26: Syngman Rhee, Korean politician, president between 1948 and 1960 (f. 1965).

April

• April 4: Pierre Monteux, director of orchestra and French musician (f. 1964).
• April 9: Miguel de Carrión, Cuban writer (f. 1929).
• April 14: Luigi Carnera, Italian astronomer (f. 1962).
• April 29: Rafael Sabatini, Italian writer (f. 1950).

May

• 4 May: Ramiro de Maeztu, Spanish writer and politician (f. 1936).
• May 14: José Santos Chocano, Peruvian poet (f. 1934).
• May 24: Robert Garrett, American athlete (f. 1961).
• May 28: José Cabrera Díaz, a Spanish journalist (f. 1939).
• May 29: Jorge Newbery, aviator, sportsman, public official, and Argentine engineer (f. 1914).
• May 30: Manuel Carlés, Argentine writer and politician, founder of the ultra-rightist terrorist band Liga Patriótica Argentina (f. 1946).
• May 30: Giovanni Gentile, Italian philosopher (f. 1944).

June

• June 6: Thomas Mann, German writer, Nobel Literature Prize in 1929 (f. 1955).
• June 28: Henri Léon Lebesgue, French mathematician (f. 1941).

July

• 13 July: Maria Eugenia Vaz Ferreira, Uruguayan poet and teacher (f. 1924)
• July 15: Adolfo Díaz Recinos, president of Nicaragua (f. 1964).
• July 15: Joaquín Dualde Gómez, Spanish lawyer and politician (f. 1963).
• July 26: Carl Gustav Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (f. 1961).
• July 26: Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (f. 1939).

August

• August 9: Artur Bernardes, Brazilian president (f. 1955).
• August 14: Eusebio Ayala, Paraguayan President (f. 1942).
• August 16: Juho Sunila, Prime Minister of Finland (f. 1936).
• August 19: Luis Labín Besuita, a Spanish trade unionist and socialist (f. 1948).

September

• September 3: Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian engineer (f. 1951)
• September 15: Alfredo Placencia, Mexican poet and priest (f. 1930).
• September 18: Tomás Burgos Sotomayor, a Chilean entrepreneur (f. 1945).

October

• 3 October: Dr. Atl (Gerardo Murillo), Mexican painter (f. 1964).
• October 12: Aleister Crowley, British writer and occultist (f. 1947).

November

• 19 November: Mikhail Kalinin, a Soviet politician, signatory of the Law of the ears. (f. 1946)
• November 14: Bruno H. Bürgel, a German writer and astronomer (f. 1948).
• 22 November: Tomás Berreta, president of Uruguay (f. 1947).

December

• 12 December: Gerd von Rundstedt, German military (f. 1953).
• 4 December: Rainer Maria Rilke, Austro-Hungarian painter (f. 1926).

Deaths

Georges Bizet.

Hans Christian Andersen.

January to June

• January 3: Pierre Athanase Larousse, grammar, lexicographer and French encyclopaedist (n. 1817).
• February 8: Pedro Fernández Madrid, politician, writer and educator of Colombia (n. 1817).
• 22 February: Camille Corot, French painter (n. 1796).
• March 30: Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield, jurist, lawyer and Argentine politician (n. 1800).
• April 2: Francisco Coll i Guitart, Holy Catalan, founder of Dominicas de la Anunciata (n. 1812)
• April 6: Moses Hess, German philosopher (n. 1812).
• April 18: Giovanni Strazza, Italian sculptor (n. 1818).
• May 31: Eliphas Lévi, French magician and occultist (n. 1810).
• June 3: Georges Bizet, French composer and pianist (n. 1838).

July to December

• August 4th: Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (n. 1805).
• August 6: Gabriel García Moreno, Ecuadorian president between 1860 and 1865 (n. 1821).