1817

1817 (MDCCCXVII) was a common year beginning on a Wednesday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January

• January 3: on the banks of the Arapey stream (now Uruguay)—in the framework of the Lusobrasileña invasion of 1816—600 Portuguese and Brazilian soldiers (leadered by José de Abreu) attack by surprise the camp of José Gervasio Artigas (the leader of the Federal League) and force the soldiers to retreat hastily, with strong losses in men and the whole of their cavalry. (Battle of Arapey).
• 4 January: in the Catalan brook (now Uruguay) – in the framework of the Lusobrasileña invasion of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata (currents Argentina, Bolivia and Uruguay) – the Portuguese defeat the forces of General José Gervasio Artigas in the battle of the Catalan.
• January 9: In Argentina, the first contingent of the Chilean Libertador Army (in command of Colonel Juan Manuel Cabot) leaves the town of Mendoza to the Andes mountain range, to cross to the province of Coquimbo Chile
• 16 January: the village of Gibara was founded in the province of Holguín, Cuba.
• 17 January: in Lérida (in current Colombia) the Spaniards shot the citizen Anselma Leyton (23 years) for their participation in the struggles for independence.
• 17 January: in the province of Mendoza (Argentina), 4000 soldiers in charge of General José de San Martín begin the crossing of the Andes mountain range to rebel against the Spanish authorities.
• January 18: Manuel Piar is defeated in the battle of Angostura.

February

• 12 February: At the foot of the Chilean side of the Andes mountain range, the Chilean and Argentine patriotic troops, led by General José de San Martín, beat the Spanish in the battle of Chacabuco.
• February 16: In Santiago de Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins is proclaimed Supreme Director of the Nation.
• 26 February: Chile appears The Gaceta of the Supreme Government of Chile, first national publication after independence.

March

• March 3: The Mississippi Territory is divided into two by creating one of the halves of the Alabama Territory.
• March 4: James Monroe takes office as President of the United States.
• March 6: In Recife, Brazil, begins the Pernambucana Revolution led by Domingo Martins.
• March 8: Creation of the New York Stock Exchange.
• March 10: in San Juan de los Lagos (Mexico), Spanish soldiers kill young Luis Moreno (15) before his mother, Rita Pérez de Moreno (the wife of the Pedro Moreno leader).

April

• April 3: Princess Caraboo appears in England.
• April 11: In the framework of the Guayana Campaign, Manuel Piar defeats the Spanish realists in the Battle of San Felix.
• April 15: Spanish General Francisco Xavier Mina disembarked in Soto la Marina in New Spain to support the insurgent army.
• April 17: Martin Van Buren gets the Congress approval of a fund to finance the Erie Canal.
• April 28: Signed Rush-Bagot Treaty between the United States and England to demilitarize the Great Lakes.

May

• May 8: Santiago Mariño convenes the Congress of Cariaco in which he tries to subtract authority from Bolivar.

June

• June 13: In Soto la Marina (present-day Mexico)—in the framework of the war of independence, the Spaniards apprehend Brother Servando Teresa de Mier.
• June 24: In the Fuerte del Sombrero (Mexico), Spanish General Xavier Mina joins the Mexican insurgent Pedro Moreno. A similar was created the first military field, current military field no.1 in Naucalpan de Juárez Mexico

July

• 2 July: in the villa of Apostles (in the Argentine province of Misiones) – in the framework of the Lusobrasileña invasion – the Argentines (leadered by the Guaraní Andresito Guasurarí and Artigas) beat the Portuguese (leadered by the Carioca Francisco das Chagas Santos) in the battle of Apostles.
• 4 July: the construction of the Erie channel begins.
• 4 July: An earthquake of magnitude 7.0 shakes the Argentine province of Santiago del Estero.
• July 8: Simon Bolivar defeats Miguel de la Torre in the Guayana campaign and conquers this territory for the rebels.
• July 14: Spanish general Pablo Morillo, in charge of a punitive expedition against the independentists, invades the island Margarita (Venezuela)
• July 18: In Winchester (England) the novelist Jane Austen dies.
• July 31: In Venezuela, Pablo Morillo is defeated in the battle of Matasiete near La Asunción, Margarita Island

August

• August 1st: Near Lagos de Moreno, the Mexican insurgents Francisco Xavier Mina and Pedro Moreno are besieged by the Spanish troops in the Fort of the Hat.
• August 8: In Venezuela, General Pablo Morillo along with 2,000 realistic soldiers attacked Juan Griego.
• August 17: In Venezuela, Pablo Morillo withdraws from Margarita Island, pressured by the triumphs of Simón Bolívar in Guayana.

September

• 7 September: In Africa, the Ashanti Kingdom and the British Empire sign a Friendship Treaty.
• September 28: Simon Bolivar orders Manuel Piar, his closest general, under the charge of conspiracy.

October

• October 15: In Venezuela, Simon Bolivar installed his headquarters in the Angostura.
• October 27: Mexican insurgents Francisco Xavier Mina and Pedro Moreno are defeated by realistic troops at the El Venadito ranch.
• October 30: From Mexico, the Spaniards send a prisoner to Spain to Fray Servando Teresa de Mier.

November

A British executioner holds the head of the worker leader Jeremiah Brandreth.

• 7 November: In the village of Derby (in the center of England)—in the framework of the industrial revolution—worker leader Jeremiah Brandreth (27), is hanged and then decapitated in the town square. For the first time in the history of that country, the populace does not shriek with joy when they show the head of the executed.
• 14 November: in Santafé de Bogotá (Colombia), Policarpa Salavarrieta is shot, a participant of the independence rebellion in Colombia, at the hands of the Pablo Morillo regime during the Reconquista (Colombia).
• November 20: In Florida (United States) the First Seminola War begins.

December

• December 5th and 6th: in Chile the Chilean-Argentine army fails on the site and assault of the city of Talcahuano.
• December 10: In the United States, the Mississippi region is admitted as the twentieth state of that country.

No date

• Spain: the king abhors the trafficking of blacks.

Art and literature

• 31 December: Walter Scott publishes Rob Roy.
• Hegel: Philosophical Science Encyclopedia.

Science and technology

• Henri Blainville describes for the first time the zifio of Blainville (Mesoplodon densirostris).
• Blainville describes for the first time the pink dolphin (Inia geoffrensis).
• Baron Karl Drais, a German inventor born in 1785, creates the speedboat (now known as a bicycle) Its rudimentary artifact, created around 1817, was driven by supporting the feet alternatively on the ground.

Births

February

• February 1: Ezequiel Zamora, a Venezuelan politician and military commander in the Federal War.
• February 8: Richard S. Ewell, American military confederate.
• 17 February: William III, Dutch king.
• 21 February: José Zorrilla, Spanish poet and playwright (f. 1893).

March

• March 9: Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, lawyer, politician and Dominican activist. Father of the Father (f. 1861).
• March 22: Braxton Bragg, general American confederate (f. 1876).

May

• May 18: Joaquín José Cervino, a Valencian poet (f. 1883).
• May 24: Manuelita Rosas, Argentine policy, daughter of Juan Manuel de Rosas (f. 1898).

June

• June 3: Paulina von Mallinckrodt, German religious (f. 1881)
• June 24: Adolfo de Nassau-Weilburg, aristocrat of Luxembourg.
• June 30: Joseph Dalton Hooker botanical and British traveler (f. 1911).

July

• July 12: Henry David Thoreau, American writer (f. 1862).

August

• 25 August: Mary Eugenia of Jesus, French Catholic religious (f. 1898).

September

• September 24: Ramón de Campoamor, Asturian poet (f. 1901).

November

• 12 November: Bahá'u'lláh, an Iranian religious (f. 1892).
• 30 November: Theodor Mommsen, German Nobel Prize in Literature (f. 1903).

December

• December 2: José Mármol, Argentine writer (f. 1871).
• 13 December: Pedro Fernández Madrid, politician, writer and educator (f. 1875).

Unknown dates

• Lucio Dueñas, religious and guerrilla leader (f. 1900).

Deaths

January

• 1 January: Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemical (n. 1743).

April

• 4 April: André Masséna, French military (n. 1758).

May

• May 24: Juan Meléndez Valdés, politician and Spanish poet (n. 1754).

June

• June 4: Jorge Farragut, a sailor and a fighter for the United States Independence.

July

• 14 July: Madame de Staël, French writer (n. 1766).
• July 18: Jane Austen, British writer (n. 1775).
• July 20: Jean Baptiste Antoine Suard, French writer (n. 1733).

August

• August 7: Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, a French businessman and economist (n. 1739).

October

• October 16: Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, doctor, biologist and Dutch botanist (n. 1727).
• October 16: Manuel Piar, Venezuelan military.

Pedro Moreno.

• October 27: Pedro Moreno, Mexican independence leader, Rita Pérez's husband (n. 1775).

November

• 11 November: Francisco Javier Mina Larrea, Spanish military (n. 1789).
• 14 November: Policarpa Salavarrieta, hero of Colombian independence (n. 1795).