1582

1582 (MDLXXXII) was a common year beginning on a Monday of the Julian calendar, and a common year beginning on Friday in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.

This year saw the beginning of the establishment of the Gregorian calendar, when the papal bull known as Inter Gravissimas introduced it, being adopted from the beginning by Spain, Portugal, the Republic of Two Nations (Lithuania and Poland) and most of present-day Italy. In these countries, the year continued as normal until Thursday, October 4. However, the next day became Friday, October 15 (like a common year starting on a Friday). 10 days were removed to counteract the Julian calendar skew. It could be said that the days between the two dates never existed. In France (two months later), and the Mississippi Valley (United States), Julian Sunday December 9 was followed by Gregorian Monday December 20. Several countries continued to use the Julian calendar, and made the switch years later. England did not accept it until 1752, and the full conversion to the Gregorian calendar would not be completed until 1929.

Events

• February 24: Pope Gregory XIII adopts the Gregorian calendar.
• 23 March: in Datong, China, 350 km west of Beijing, there is an earthquake of magnitude 5 in the seismological scale of Richter. The number of victims is unknown.
• April 2: in Bolivia an earthquake destroys the city of Ancuancu.
• 1 May: in Pozzuoli 40°48′N 14°12′E / 40.8, 14.2, about 15 km west of Naples (Italy) a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurs on the Richter scale.
• 26 July: in the waters of the island Terceira (Azores) the Battle of the Island Terceira is waged between a Spanish squadron led by Don Alvaro de Bazán, and another French squad headed by Admiral Philippe Strozzi, ending with victory for the Spaniards. This was the first naval battle in history, in which war lions participated.

Art and literature

• In Spain the construction of the monastery of El Escorial is completed, under the direction of Juan de Herrera.
• In Spain, there was no XIth anniversary of the Battle of Lepanto, as the one that would have been Sunday, October 7 became Sunday 17. A reference in El Quixote (that St.John's Day of 1614 would have been Friday) is probably a subtle protest from Cervantes to the Gregorian Reform of the calendar.

Science and technology

• Giordano Bruno: Compendium and complement of the art of Lulio.

Births

Deaths

• 2 July: Akechi Mitsuhide, Japanese samurai from the Sengoku period (n. 1528).
• 11 December: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Spanish military and political, third Duke of Alba (n. 1507).
• 4 October: Saint Teresa of Jesus, a Spanish religious (n. 1515).