12th of July

July 12 is the 193rd (one hundred and ninety-third) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 194th in leap years. There are 172 days left to end the year.

Events

• 927: King Athelstan unifies the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and establishes what is now England.
• 1191: Third Crusade: the siege of Saladin provokes the surrender of Philip Augustus, ending with a siege of two years to Acre.
• 1493: Hartmann Schedel publishes Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the first books made by the printing press.
• 1505: In Seville, Spain, the clergy Rodrigo Fernández de Santaella founded the College of Santa Maria de Jesus, which was the origin of the University of Seville.

The College of Saint Mary of Jesus in the nineteenth century.

• 1543 at Hampton Court, Henry VIII of England married his sixth and last wife Catherine Parr.
• 1553: in Mexico, the first law degree is taught at the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico.
• 1561: In Moscow the Cathedral of St. Basilio is consecrated.
• 1562: In Yucatan (now Mexico), Diego de Landa orders the incineration of numerous codexes, efigies and sacred objects of the Mayas in the self of faith of Mani.
• 1690: the army of William III of Orange defeats the men of James II of England in the battle of the Boyne.
• 1691: In Ireland, the army of William III of Orange defeats the British forces in the battle of Aughrim.
• 1730: Lorenzo Corsini is elected pope and takes the name of Clemente XII.
• 1789: In Paris, revolutionary journalist Camille Desmoulins makes a speech in response to the resignation of finance minister Jacques Necker the previous day. This speech encouraged the people to stand up in arms to begin the Bastille Take two days later.
• 1790: The Constitutional Assembly of France approves the Civil Constitution of the clergy.
• 1799: Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and is crowned as Panyab's majarás (reino sij).
• 1801: In the framework of the French revolutionary wars, the British Royal Navy inflicts serious damage on the Spanish and French ships in the second battle of Algeciras.
• 1801: In the confusion of the night, the Spanish ships San Hermenegildo and Real Carlos took each other as enemies and fought in battle until both ships exploded. Almost all 1700 men on board die.
• 1806: Sixteen states – including Liechtenstein, which gains independence – leave the Holy Roman German Empire to form the Rhine Confederation.
• 1839: In Bolivia, Congress approves that the city of Chuquisaca will change its name to Sucre, in tribute to the liberator of that country and winner of the battle of Ayacucho, Antonio José de Sucre.
• 1873: in Cartagena, Spain, a federalist uprising establishes the Canton of Cartagena, which will resist the government siege six months.
• 1892: An underground lake formed by the Tête-Rousse glacier and rooted in the village of Saint Gervais les Bains is uncovered at Monte Blanco (France). 175 people die.
• 1904: The neighborhood of La Paternal is founded in the city of Buenos Aires.
• 1913: in the province of Neuquén (Argentina) the town of Zapala is founded.
• 1913: In the framework of the Second Balkan War, Serb forces begin the siege to the Bulgarian city of Vidi.
• 1920: Russia recognizes the independence of Lithuania.
• 1930: in Buenos Aires, Argentina, a tram falls from the Bosch Bridge to Riachuelo, leaving 56 dead and only 4 survivors.
• 1937: In the Pavilion of the Spanish Republic, in the framework of the Paris International Exhibition, the work is presented to the public Guernica of the artist Pablo Picasso (55 years old).
• 1948: Arab-Israeli war: Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the expulsion of Palestinians from the cities of Lod and Ramallah.

Explosion of the Poplar atomic bomb (1958).

• 1958: in the Bikini atoll (Marshall Islands, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean), the United States detonates its 9300 kiloton Poplar atomic bomb (the most powerful of the Hardtack I operation). It is the 147th bomb of 1054 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1962: In the Marquee Club (London) the band The Rolling Stones is playing for the first time in public.
• 1971: In Australia, the flag of Aboriginals is for the first time.
• 1975: Sao Tome and Principe is independent of Portugal.
• 1979: Kiribati is independent of the United Kingdom.
• 1985: the city of Santiago de Compostela receives the European award granted by the Council of Europe in recognition of its europeism.
• 1986: scientists arrive at the shipwreck of the Titanic transatlantic to explore it.
• 1986: As part of its Magic Tour music tour, the British rock band Queen celebrates the second of two successful concerts with 72 000 people at the Wembley Stadium in London.
• 1993: Hokkaidō was shaken by an earthquake of 7.7 degrees.
• 1996: Prisoners launch the compilation album Neither for reason nor for force, which becomes a great success of big sales in Chile, although the band was dissolved.
• 1998: France’s football team is proclaimed a football champion for the first time in France’s own country.
• 2000: launch of the Zvezda module, the first module of the International Space Station.
• 2001: launch of the European experimental communications satellite Artemis.
• 2006: Hezbollah incursion into Israeli territory, capturing the Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev soldiers and killing eight other Israeli soldiers, giving way to the Second War in Lebanon.
• 2011: United Nations Security Council resolution 1998 is adopted.
• 2014: bombing of the Ukrainian army in the suburb of Marynka (Donetsk) leaves at least 10 dead during the armed conflict in the east of the country.

Births

Julius Caesar.

• 100 B.C.: Cayo Julio César, a politician and a Roman military officer (f. 44 B.C.).
• 1394: Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (f. 1441).
• 1468: Juan del Encina, Spanish poet and composer (f. 1530).
• 1573: Pietro Carrera, priest, writer and Italian chessist (f. 1647).
• 1675: Evaristo Felice dall' Abaco, Italian composer (f. 1742).
• 1707: Esteban Terreros, Spanish philologist (f. 1782).
• 1730: Josiah Wedgwood, British potter (f. 1795).
• 1751: Francisco Salvá Campillo, a Spanish physician and physicist (f. 1828).
• 1767: Antonio Sangenís Torres, a Spanish military engineer (f. 1809).
• 1780: Juana Azurduy, guerrilla patriot of Upper Peru (f. 1862).

Juan Mora Fernández.

• 1784: Juan Mora Fernández, a Costa Rican politician, president between 1824 and 1833 (f. 1854).
• 1794: Agustin Codazzi, a military Italian geographer.
• 1803: Pierre Chanel, French missionary (f. 1841).
• 1813: Claude Bernard, French physiologist (f. 1878).
• 1817: Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (f. 1862).
• 1824: Eugène Boudin, a French painter (f. 1898).
• 1828: Nikolai Chernishevski, Russian philosopher (f. 1889).
• 1849: William Osler, Canadian physician (f. 1919).

Hippolyte Yrigoyen.

• 1852: Hipólito Yrigoyen Argentine president (f. 1933).
• 1854: Juan Gualberto Gómez, patriot and Cuban journalist (f. 1933).
• 1854: George Eastman, American inventor (f. 1932).
• 1861: Anton Arensky, Russian composer (f. 1906).
• 1863: Albert Calmette, French physicist (f. 1933).
• 1863: Paul Drude, German physicist (f. 1906).
• 1866: Emiliano Figueroa Larraín, a Chilean politician (f. 1931).
• 1868: Stefan George, German poet and writer (f. 1933).
• 1870: Louis II of Monaco (f. 1949).
• 1870: Juan José Gárate, a Spanish painter (f. 1939).
• 1872: Emil Hácha, Czech politician (f. 1945).
• 1872: Pedro Emilio Coll journalist, writer, political and diplomatic essayist.
• 1876: Max Jacob, French poet (f. 1944).
• 1880: Tod Browning, American filmmaker (f. 1962).
• 1882: Pánfilo Natera, militar y político mexicano (f. 1951).
• 1882: John Gualberto Guevara, Peruvian bishop (f. 1954).

Amedeo Modigliani.

• 1884: Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (f. 1920).
• 1884: Louis B. Mayer, American Film Producer (f. 1957).
• 1886: Jean Hersholt, Danish director and actor (f. 1956).
• 1887: Pio García-Escudero and Fernández de Urrutia, Spanish engineer (f. 1977).
• 1892: Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (f. 1942).
• 1895: Buckminster Fuller, American architect, designer and writer (f. 1983).
• 1891: Jetta Goudal, a Dutch actress (f. 1985).
• 1895: Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (f. 1962).
• 1895: Oscar Hammerstein II, American composer and producer (f. 1960).
• 1898: Marie Beatrice Schwarz, Dutch botany (f. 1969)
• 1900: Manuel Antonio Pérez Sánchez, Galician poet (f. 1930).
• 1902: Günther Anders, a German philosopher and essayist (f. 1992).

Pablo Neruda.

• 1904: Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971 (f. 1973).
• 1908: Milton Berle, an American actor (f. 2002).
• 1909: Joe DeRita, American actor and comic (f. 1993).
• 1909: Fritz Leonhardt, German engineer (f. 1999).
• 1912: Nicolae Steinhardt, Romanian writer (f. 1989).
• 1913: Willis Eugene Lamb, an American physicist (f. 2008).
• 1913: Mildred Cohn, American biochemistry (f. 2009)
• 1914: Jacinto Pebe, Peruvian folk musician (f. 2003).
• 1915: Otto Steinert, German photographer (f. 1978).
  

  Liudmila Pavlichenko
• 1916: Liudmila Pavlichenko, sniper and Soviet historian (f. 1974).
• 1917: Andrew Wyeth, American painter (f. 2009).
• 1920: Keith Andes, American actor (f. 2005).
• 1920: Lois Wheeler Snow, American actress (f. 2018)
• 1923: James E. Gunn, American science fiction writer (f. 2020).
• 1923: Miguel Artola Gallego, Spanish historian.
• 1923: René Favaloro, Argentine cardiovascular surgeon (f. 2000).
• 1925: Juan Emilio Salinas, Peruvian footballer (f. 2009).
• 1926: Carl Adam Petri, German mathematician and computer (f. 2010).
• 1926: Oswald Mathias Ungers, German architect (f. 2007).
• 1927: Paixão Côrtes, folklorist, composer, radio announcer and Brazilian agronomist engineer.
• 1927: Tom Benson, American businessman (f. 2018).
• 1928: Elias James Corey, a chemist and an American teacher.
• 1928: Jo Myong-Rok, North Korean military (f. 2010).
• 1929: Mount Hellman, American filmmaker.
• 1932: Otis Davis, American athlete.
• 1933: Donald Westlake, American writer (f. 2008).
• 1933: Victor Poor, American computer (f. 2012).
• 1934: Gualberto Castro actor and Mexican singer (f. 2019).
• 1934: Van Cliburn, American musician.

Bill Cosby.

• 1935: Hans Tilkowski, German footballer.
• 1935: Satoshi ⋅mura, Japanese biochemical.
• 1936: Ana María Cassán (Anne-Marie Paillard), French actress and model with career in Argentina (f. 1960).
• 1937: Bill Cosby, American actor.
• 1937: Lionel Jospin, politician and French Prime Minister.
• 1937: Robert McFarlane, American admiral.
• 1938: Eduardo Iriarte Jiménez, Peruvian businessman.
• 1938: Rafael Ortega Porras, potter and Spanish ceramist (f. 2007).
• 1939: Phillip Adams, Australian expert.
• 1940: Carlos Eugenio Jorquir, a lawyer and a Chilean union leader.
• 1943: Walter Murch, American sound designer and assembler.
• 1943: Paul Silas, American basketball coach and player.
• 1946: Robert Fisk, British writer and journalist.
• 1947: Mari Trini, Spanish singer (f. 2009).
• 1947: Gualberto Ibarreto, Venezuelan popular music singer.
• 1948: Ben Burtt, American director and writer.
• 1948: Richard Simmons, American aerobics and fitness expert.
• 1948: Kōji Totani, Japanese seiyū (f. 2006).
• 1949: Carlos Reynoso, an Argentine anthropologist.
• 1950: Eric Carr, American band musician Kiss (f. 1991).
• 1951: Brian Grazer, American film producer.
• 1951: Cheryl Ladd, American actress and singer.
• 1951: Jaime Mayor Oreja, Spanish politician.
• 1951: Sylvia Sass, Hungarian soprano.
• 1951: Jamey Sheridan, American actor.
• 1954: Eric Adams, American singer, of the Manowar band.
• 1954: Wolfgang Dremmler, German footballer.
• 1954: Sulakshana Pandit, Indian actress and singer.
• 1954: Hidetoshi Nakamura, Japanese seiyū (f. 2014).
• 1955: Chuck Loeb, American guitarist.
• 1956: Mario Soto, Dominican baseball player.
• 1957: Rick Husband, American military and astronaut (f. 2003).
• 1958: Michael Robinson, British sports player and commentator.
• 1959: Charlie Murphy, American actor and writer (f. 2017).
• 1959: Tupou VI, King of Tonga since 2012.
• 1962: Julio César Chávez, Mexican boxer.
• 1964: Carles Campuzano, Spanish politician.
• 1964: Tim Gane, British guitarist, Stereolab and McCarthy bands.
• 1967: Luis Abinader, Dominican economist, President of the Dominican Republic since 2020.
• 1967: John Petrucci, American guitarist of the Dream Theater band.
• 1967: Bruny Surin, Canadian athlete.
• 1969: Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress.
• 1969: Anne-Sophie Pic, French chef.
• 1969: Jesse Pintado, American Mexican guitarist of the band Napalm Death.
• 1970: Lee Byung Hun, South Korean actor.
• 1971: Joel Casamayor, Cuban boxer.
• 1971: Andrea Legarreta, Mexican actress and driver.
• 1972: Travis Best, American basketball player.
• 1972: Celia Blanco Rodríguez, a Spanish journalist.
• 1972: Alvaro Iglesias Quintana, Spanish footballer.
• 1972: Brett Reed, American musician of the Rancid band.
• 1972: Jake Wood, British actor.
• 1973: Magoo, American rapper.
• 1973: Juan Luis Mora, Spanish footballer.
• 1973: Christian Vieri, Italian footballer.
• 1974: Olivier Adam, French writer.
• 1974: Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer of the Within Temptation band.
• 1974: Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer.
• 1974: Gregory Helms, American professional fighter.
• 1976: Abasse Ba, Senegalese footballer.
• 1976: Anna Friel, British actress.
• 1977: Steve Howey, American actor.
• 1977: Brock Lesnar, American professional fighter.
• 1977: Masahiro Fukazawa, Japanese footballer.
• 1978: Topher Grace, American actor.
• 1978: Ziad Jaziri, Tunisian footballer.
• 1978: Michelle Rodriguez, American actress.
• 1979: Tōru Araiba, Japanese footballer.
• 1980: Kristen Connolly, American actress.
• 1980: Luis Ortega, Argentine writer and filmmaker.
• 1982: Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer.
• 1983: Sandi Gbandi, Liberian footballer.
• 1983: Libania Grenot, an Italian athlete of Cuban origin.
• 1983: Ghasem Hadadifar, Iranian footballer.
• 1983: Reiichi Ikegami, Japanese footballer.
• 1983: Mirsad Terzić, Bosnian basketball player.
• 1983: David Muntaner Juaneda, Spanish cyclist.
• 1983: Jesús Tato, Spanish footballer.
• 1984: Gareth Gates, British singer.
• 1984: Sami Zayn, Canadian professional fighter.
• 1985: Paulo Vitor Barreto, Brazilian footballer.
• 1985: Gianluca Curci, Italian footballer.
• 1985: Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer.
• 1985: Ian Joyce, American footballer.
• 1985: Luis Méndez, Bolivian footballer.
• 1986: Yuki Kotera, Japanese footballer.
• 1987: Matthew "Mdot" Finley, American actor and musician.
• 1987: José Manuel López Gaspar, Spanish footballer.
• 1987: Yoshihiro Masuko, Japanese footballer.
• 1988: Melissa O'Neil, Canadian actress and singer.
• 1989: Phoebe Tonkin, Australian actress and model.
• 1990: Tiago Dias Correia, Portuguese footballer.
• 1991: Dmitri Póloz, Russian footballer.
• 1991: James Rodriguez, Colombian footballer.
• 1991: Lukas Román, Chilean footballer.
• 1992: Simone Verdi, Italian footballer.
• 1993: Lukas Lerager, Danish footballer.
• 1993: Marius Müller, German footballer.
• 1994: Pavel Savitskiy, Belarusian footballer.
• 1995: Luke Shaw, English footballer.
• 1995: Jordyn Wieber, an American gymnast.
• 1995: Moses Simon, Nigerian footballer.
• 1996: Adam Buksa, Polish footballer.
• 1996: Moussa Dembélé, French footballer.
• 1997: Jean-Kévin Duverne, French footballer.
• 1997: Pablo Maffeo, Spanish footballer.
• 1997: Ander Vidorreta, Spanish footballer.
• 1997: Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani activist, Nobel Peace Prize in 2014.
• 1998: YSY A, Argentine singer and musician.
• 2000: Vinícius Júnior, Brazilian footballer.
• 2014: Halaevalu Mataaho Tukumad, princess of Tonga.

Deaths

• 783: Bertrada de Laon, wife of Pipino el Breve and mother of Carlomagno (n. 720).
• 1441: Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (n. 1394).
• 1533: Chaitania, Indian Hindu Santon, founder of Bengali krisnaism (n. 1486).

Rotterdam erasmus.

• 1536: Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch writer and philosopher (n. 1466).
• 1537: Robert Aske, English lawyer (n. 1500).
• 1584: Stephen Borough, English explorer (n. 1525).
• 1628: Jean Curtius, a Belgian industrialist (n. 1551).
• 1664: Stefano della Bella, Italian engraver (n. 1610).
• 1675: Carlos Manuel II, aristocrat saboyano (n. 1634).
• 1682: Jean Picard, French astronomer (n. 1620).
• 1712: Richard Cromwell, the British son of Oliver Cromwell (n. 1626).
• 1742: Evaristo Felice dall' Abaco, Italian composer (n. 1675).
• 1773: Johann Joachim Quantz, German composer and flutist (n. 1697).
• 1804: Alexander Hamilton, US economist and politician (n. 1755).
• 1845: Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian writer and poet (n. 1808).
• 1849: Dolley Madison, first lady of the United States, wife of President James Madison (n. 1768).
• 1855: Pável Najímov, a Russian military and admiral (n. 1802).
• 1886: Tomás Villalba, Uruguayan president in 1865 (n. 1805).
• 1892: Alexander Cartwright, inventor of baseball (n. 1820).
• 1904: Samuel Golden Rule Jones, American politician and businessman (n. 1846).
• 1906: Pascual Veiga, Spanish musician (n. 1842).
• 1911: Julia María da Costa, a Brazilian poet (n. 1844).
• 1926: Gertrude Bell, archaeologist and British spy (n. 1868).
• 1928: Emilio Carranza, Mexican aviator pilot (n. 1905).
• 1929: Robert Henri, American painter (n. 1865).
• 1931: Nathan Söderblom, Swedish ecclesiastical, nobel of peace in 1930 (n. 1866).

Alfred Dreyfus.

• 1935: Alfred Dreyfus, French military (n. 1859).
• 1936: José del Castillo Sáenz de Tejada, militar español (n. 1901).
• 1944: Sergéi Bulgákov, theologian, philosopher and Russian economist (n. 1871).
• 1944: Betty Compton, American actress (n. 1904).
• 1944: Theodore Roosevelt Jr., American general (n. 1887).
• 1945: Wolfram von Richthofen, general and marshal of German field (n. 1895).
• 1947: Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophoneist (n. 1902).
• 1949: Douglas Hyde, Irish politician and president between 1938 and 1945 (n. 1860).
• 1950: Elsie de Wolfe, American actress, author and interior designer (n. 1865).
• 1959: Carles Riba, Spanish writer (n. 1893).
• 1951: Juan Alcaide, Spanish poet (n. 1907).
• 1961: Mazo de la Roche, Canadian writer and author (n. 1879).
• 1966: Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki, Japanese philosopher (n. 1870).
• 1971: Secundino Zuazo, Spanish architect (n. 1887).
• 1973: Lon Chaney Jr., American actor (n. 1906).
• 1977: Osmín Aguirre and Salinas, Salvadoran military (n. 1889).
• 1979: Minnie Riperton, American singer (n. 1947).
• 1979: Carmine Galante, head of the criminal family Bonanno of New York (n. 1910).
• 1980: Jaime Suárez Quemain, journalist and anarchist Salvadoran poet (n. 1949).
• 1982: Kenneth More, British actor (n. 1914).
• 1987: Amelia de la Torre, Spanish actress (n. 1905).
• 1989: Carlos Puebla, Cuban singer (n. 1917).
• 1990: João Saldanha, Brazilian football coach (n. 1917).
• 1996: Jonathan Melvoin, U.S. Keyboard, of the band The Smashing Pumpkins (n. 1961).
• 1997: David Stitchkin, a Chilean educator and lawyer (n. 1912).
• 1998: Jimmy Driftwood, American composer, singer and musician (n. 1907).
• 1999: Bill Owen, British actor (n. 1914).
• 2000: Edmundo Chacour, playwright and Argentine theatre director (n. 1933).
• 2000: Otto Gröllmann, graphic artist and member of the German Nazi Resistance (n. 1902).
• 2002: Josefina de la Torre, Spanish writer and actress (n. 1907).
• 2003: Benny Carter, American musician (n. 1907).
• 2006: Hubert Lampo, Belgian writer (n. 1920).
• 2007: Joseíto (José Iglesias Fernández), Spanish footballer (n. 1926).
• 2010: Günter Behnisch, German architect (n. 1922).
• 2010: Harvey Pekar, American hysterist (n. 1939).
• 2014: Néstor Basterretxea, sculptor and Spanish painter (n. 1924).
• 2014: Dave Legeno, actor, boxer and wrestler of English mixed martial arts (n. 1963).
• 2015: Javier Krahe, Spanish satirical singer (n. 1944).
• 2016: Agustín Fernández Paz, Spanish writer (n. 1947).
• 2020: Kelly Preston, American actress (n. 1962).

Celebrations

• Belfast (North Ireland): Day of the March of the Orangists.
• Mexico: Lawyer Day.
• Argentina: Day of Social Medicine Law 25.598 of the year 2002, in honor of the birth of Dr. René Favaloro.
• Argentina: La Paternal neighborhood day (Buenos Aires).
• Bolivia: Anniversary of Camiri (province of Cordil/department of Santa Cruz).
• Colombia: Internist Doctor's Day.
• Peru: Day of the Official Tourism Guide.

Sao Tome and Principe

• Independence Day.

Catholic saints list

• San Clemente Ignacio Delgado Cebrián
• San Felix de Milan
• San Fortunato de Aquileia
• San Hermagoras de Aquilea
• San Hilarión de Ancira
• Santa Inés Lê Thi Thành
• Santa Veronica
• San Juan Gualberto
• San Leon I (abad)
• San Nabor de Milan
• San Paterniano de Fano
• San Pedro Khanh
• San Proclo de Ancira
• San Vivenciolo de Lyon
• Beato David Gunston
• Blessed Matías Araki and seven companions