10 Gigabit Ethernet

10 Gigabit Ethernet (XGbE or 10GbE) is the most recent (2003) and fastest of the Ethernet standards. IEEE 802.3ae defines a version of Ethernet with a nominal speed of 10 Gbit/s, ten times faster than gigabit Ethernet.

The 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard contains seven media types for LAN, MAN, and WAN. It has been specified in the IEEE 802.3ae supplemental standard, and will be included in a future revision of the IEEE 802.3 standard.

There are different standards for the physical level (PHY). The letter X stands for 8B/10B encoding and is used for copper interfaces. The most common optical variety is called LAN PHY, used to connect routers and switches together. Although it is called LAN, it can be used with 10GBase-LR and 10GBase-ER up to 80 km. LAN PHY uses a line rate of 10.3 Gbit/s and 66B encoding (1 transition every 66 bits at least). WAN PHY (marked with a W) encapsulates Ethernet frames for transmission over an SDH/SONET STS-192c channel.

• 10GBASE-SR (short rangeShort-range. Designed to operate in short distances on multimode fiber optic wiring, it allows a distance between 26 and 82 m depending on the type of cable. It also supports a distance of 300 m over a new 2000 MHz/km multimode optical fiber (using 850nm wavelength).
• 10GBASE-CX4. Copper interface using InfiniBand CX4 cables and InfiniBand 4x connectors for short-range applications (maximum 15 m), such as connecting a switch to a router. It is the lowest-cost interface but also the lowest-range interface. 2.5 Gbps per cable.
• 10GBASE-LX4. Use multiplexion per wavelength division for distances between 240 m and 300 m over multimode optical fiber. It also supports up to 10 km on monomode fiber. Use wavelengths around 1310 nm.
• 10GBASE-LR (long rangeLong range. This standard allows distances of up to 10 km on monomode fiber (using 1310nm).
• 10GBASE-ER (extended rangewide range. This standard allows distances of up to 40 km on monomode fiber (using 1550nm). Recently several manufacturers have introduced plug-in interfaces up to 80-km.
• 10GBASE-LRM. http://www.ieee802.org/3/aq/, 10 Gbit/s on FDDI cable - 62.5 μm.
• 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW and 10GBASE-EW. These varieties use the WAN PHY, designed to interoperate with OC-192/STM-64 SONET/SDH equipment using a SDH/SONET lightweight scheme. They correspond to the physical level with 10GBASE-SR, 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER respectively, and therefore use the same types of fiber and allow the same distances. There is no WAN PHY standard corresponding to 10GBASE-LX4.
• 10GBASE-T (802.3an - 2007)
  • UTP-6 or UTP-7.
  • Distance. 100 m
  • PAM-16.