Lista de grupos étnicos contemporâneos
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A seguir está uma lista de grupos étnicos contemporâneos. Tem havido um debate constante sobre a classificação dos grupos étnicos. A pertença a um grupo étnico tende a ser associada com ancestralidade, história, pátria, língua ou dialeto e herança cultural compartilhados; onde o termo "cultura" inclui especificamente aspectos como religião, mitologia e ritual, culinária, estilo de vestir (roupas) e outros fatores.
Pela natureza do conceito, os grupos étnicos tendem a ser divididos em subgrupos, que podem ou não ser identificados como grupos étnicos independentes, dependendo da fonte consultada.
Grupos étnicos
Os grupos a seguir são comumente identificados como "grupos étnicos", em oposição a filos etnolinguísticos, grupos nacionais, grupos raciais ou similares.
| Ethnicity | Language & Origin | Primary homeland | Subgroups, tribes & castes | Majority (plurality) religion and sect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| !Kung | Kxʼa → !Kung | Namibia (Kalahari Desert) | Animism | |
| Abagusii | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Gusii | Kenya (Kisii County) | Christianity, Traditional African religion | |
| Abazins | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abaza | Russia (Abazinia) | Significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, and Ukraine | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Abelam | Sepik → Ndu → Abelam | Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) | Christianity | |
| Abenaki | Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki, formerly Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki | Canada (Quebec), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont) | Abenaki religion | |
| Abkhazians | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abkhaz | Georgia (Abkhazia) | Sadz, Afro-Abkhazians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Acehnese | Austronesian → Chamic → Acehnese | Indonesia (Aceh) | Significant populations in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Achagua | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Achagua | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Acholi | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Acholi | South Sudan, Uganda (Acholiland) | Christianity | |
| Adjoukrou | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru | Ivory Coast (Dabou) | Christianity | |
| Afar | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Afar | Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Afaria) | Islam | |
| Afemai | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai | Nigeria (Edo State) | Christianity | |
| African-Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Louisiana Creole, Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole, Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign | United States | African-American Jews, African-American Muslims, Black Seminoles, Cherokee Freedmen, Creoles of color, Gullah, and Sierra Leonean Americans, with significant populations in France, the United Kingdom, Africa (including Ghana), and Israel | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists, Methodism, Pentacostalism, Seventh-day Adventism, Jehovah's Witnesses, Islam → Sunni Islam, Judaism |
| Afrikaners | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans | South Africa | Boers | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Afro-Abkhazians | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abkhaz | Abkhazia | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Afro-Argentines | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Argentinian Spanish | Argentina | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Afro-Brazilians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Indo-European → Romance → Cafundó | Brazil | Zambo | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Pentecostalism Candomble, Umbanda, Batuque, Xango, Tambor de Mina |
| Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish, Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole, Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Papiamento, Niger–Congo → Yoruba, Niger–Congo → Igbo | Caribbean | Afro-Colombians, Afro-Costa Ricans, Afro-Cubans (including Ganga-Longoba), Afro-Curaçaoans, Afro-Dominicans (Dominica), Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic), Afro-Grenadians, Afro-Guatemalans, Afro-Guyanese, Afro-Haitians, Afro-Hondurans, Afro-Jamaicans, Afro-Kittitians and Nevisians, Afro-Panamanian, Afro-Puerto Ricans, Afro-Saint Lucian, Afro-Salvadoran, Afro-Surinamese, Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians, Afro-Venezuelans, Afro-Vincentians, and Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans (including Afro-Antiquans and Afro-Barbudans) | Christianity, Islam, Rastafari, Obeah, Santería, Orisha, Trinidad Orisha, Yoruba, Vodou, Traditional African religion, Afro-American religion, Baháʼí |
| Afro-Russians | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia | Christianity → Orthodox Christianity → Russian Orthodoxy | |
| Afro-Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey | Afro-Abkhazians | Islam |
| Agaw | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Agaw | Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea) | Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Ahom | Kra–Dai → Tai → Ahom | India (Assam) | Hinduism | |
| Aikanã | Aikanã language | Brazil (Rondônia) | ||
| Aimaq | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Aimaq | Afghanistan | Aimaq Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, Aimaq Kipchaks, Timuri, Taymani | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ainus | Ainu languages | Japan (Hokkaido, Tōhoku region), Russia (Sakhalin, Kamchatka Peninsula, Khabarovsk Krai), Kuril Islands (Russia or Japan) | Hokkaido Ainu (including Ishikari Ainu, Menasunkur Ainu, and Sumunkur Ainu), Tokyo Ainu, Sakhalin Ainu, and Russian Ainu | Animism → Ainu folk religion, Buddhism → Nichiren Shōshū, Shinto, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy |
| Aja | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Adja | Benin, Togo | West African Vodun | |
| Akan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano, Niger–Congo → Kwa → Avikam–Alladian, Niger–Congo → Kwa → Avatime, Niger–Congo → Kwa → Abé, Niger–Congo → Kwa → Abidji, Niger–Congo → Kwa → Attié, Niger–Congo → Kwa → M'Bato, Niger–Congo → Kwa → Abure, Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign, Adamorobe Sign, Nanabin Sign | Ghana (Gold Coast) | Twi (including Ashanti and Akuapem), Fante, Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akwamu, Akyem, Anyi, Aowin, Assin, Attie, Avatime, Avikam, Baoulé, Brong, Chakosi, Evalue, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi (including House of Israel), Tchaman, Wasa, Abure, Alladian | Christianity |
| Akha | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani → Akha | China (Pu'er and Xishuangbanna) | Akeu | Animism |
| Alabamas | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama | United States (Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation) | ||
| Alaskan Creoles | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Alaskan Russian | United States (Alaska) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy | |
| Alavi Bohras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat | India (Gujarat) | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism | |
| Alawites | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic | Syria, Lebanon | Islam → Alawite | |
| Albanians | Indo-European → Paleo-Balkan → Albanian | Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia (Ilirida), Greece (Chameria), Serbia (Preševo Valley) | Ghegs (including Arbanasi and Kosovars), Tosks (including Arbëreshë, Cham Albanians, Arvanites), along with significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, Syria, France, the United Kingdom Italy, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Nordic countries, Switzerland, Greece (including Western Thrace), Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Australia, Canada, and the United States | Islam → Sunni, Islam → Sufism → Bektashism, Christianity |
| Aleuts | Eskaleut → Aleut | United States (Aleutian Islands) | Christianity → Orthodox Christianity | |
| Altaians | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai, Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai | Russia (Altai Republic and Altai Krai), Mongolia (Altai Mountains), China (Altay Prefecture) | Altai faith | |
| Alur | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur | Uganda (West Nile sub-region), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Province) | Christianity | |
| Alutiiq | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Alutiiq | United States (Alaska) | Chugach | Christianity |
| Alyutors | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Alyutor | Russia (Koryak Okrug) | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy | |
| Ambonese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Ambonese Malay | Indonesia (Ambon Island) | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism | |
| Ambundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu | Angola | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Americo-Liberians | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Merico, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Liberian Kreyol | Liberia | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Amhara | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic | Ethiopia (Amharia) | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy | |
| Amis | Austronesian → Formosan → Amis | Taiwan (Taitung and Hualien Counties) | Animism, Christianity | |
| Amish | Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch, Indo-European → Germanic → Alemannic German → Alsatian | United States (Pennsylvania) | Old Order Amish (including Swiss Amish, Nebraska Amish, Swartzentruber Amish, Buchanan Amish, Andy Weaver Amish, Troyer Amish, Byler Amish, Renno Amish, Holmes Old Order Amish, Elkhart-LaGrange Amish, Lancaster Amish, and Tobe Amish), New Order Amish, | Christianity → Anabaptism |
| Amung | Trans-New Guinea → Amung | Indonesia (Mimika, Puncak) | Christianity | |
| Andalusians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Andalusian Spanish | Spain (Andalusia) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Aneuk Jamee | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau → Aneuk Jamee | Indonesia (Aceh) | ||
| Anglo Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Caribbean English → English-based creoles | Anguila, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, San Andrés y Providencia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands | Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans, Afro-Bahamians, Afro-Barbadians, Afro-Bermudians, Afro-Dominicans, Afro-Grenadians, Afro-Guyanese, Afro-Jamaicans, Afro-Kittitians and Nevisians, Afro-Saint Lucians, Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians, Afro-Vincentians, Belizean Creole, Raizal | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist; Catholicism |
| Anglo-Burmese | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Sino-Tibetan → Lolo-Burmese → Burmese | Myanmar | Christianity, Buddhism | |
| Anglo-Canadian | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English | Canada | Ontarian, Anglo-Quebecers, Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers, Manitoban, British Columbians, Prince Edward Islanders, Saskatchewanians, Albertans, Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, Northwest Territorians, Yukoners, Anglo-Nunavummiut | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism; Catholicism |
| Anglo-Celtic Australians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English | Australia | Christianity | |
| Anglo-Indians | Indo-Europeans → Germanic → English | India | significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Bangladesh | Christianity |
| Anglo-Irish | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Ireland | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism | |
| Angu | Trans-New Guinea → Angan | Papua New Guinea (Kratke Range) | Animism | |
| Antiochian Greek Christians | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic | Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Turkey) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism | |
| Anuak | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak | Ethiopia (Anuakia), South Sudan (lanBoma) | Christianity | |
| Apache | Dené–Yeniseian → Na-Dene → Apachean | United States (Apacheria) | Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache | Native American religions → Native American Church |
| Apanyekra | Macro-Jê → Jê → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region) | ||
| Apinajé | Macro-Jê → Jê → Apinayé | Brazil (Tocantins) | Animism | |
| Arabs | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic, Arab Sign, Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign, formerly Afroasiatic → Arabic → Siculo-Arabic | Arabian Peninsula and Syrian Desert | Bedouins (including Al-Sayyid Bedouins, Palestinian Bedouins, Negev Bedouins, Galilee Bedouins), Israeli-Arabs, Palestinians (including Palestinian Bedouins, Afro-Palestinians, Palestinian Chileans, Palestinian Brazilians, Palestinian Nicaraguans, Palestinian Mexicans, Palestinian Americans, Palestinian Haitians, Palestinian Salvadorans, Pakistani Palestinians, Palestinian Egyptians, Palestinian Iraqis, Palestinian Pakistanis, Palestinian Australians), Egyptian Arabs, Maghrebi Arabs, Iranian Arabs (including Khuzestani Arabs, Khorasani Arabs, and Khamseh Arabs), Sudanese Arabs, Marsh Arabs, Arab Christians, Alawites, Druze, Hadharem, Mhallami, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs, Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-Persians, Arab-Berbers, with diaspora populations (including the Palestinian diaspora) in Europe (including the United Kingdom, the Caucasus, Sweden, Spain), Turkey, Pakistan (including Palestinians), India, Colombia, Chile (including Palestinians), Nicaragua, Brazil (including Palestinians), Mexico (including Palestinians), Venezuela, the United States (including Palestinians), Canada, Haiti (including Palestinians), Cuba, El Salvador (including Palestinians), Australia (including Palestinians), New Zealand, Singapore | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism |
| Aragonese | Indo-European → Romance → Aragonese, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Spain (Aragon) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Arameans | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic | Israel | Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity | |
| Arapaho | Algic → Algonquian → Arapahoan → Arapaho | United States (Colorado, Wyoming) | Christianity, Native American Church | |
| Arará | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Cuban Spanish | Cuba | Arara | |
| Argobba | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba | Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Armenians | Indo-European → Armenian, Armenian Sign language, formerly Harsneren language | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey | Turkish Armenians (including Armenians in Istanbul, Hemshin, and Hidden Armenians), Cherkesogai, Armeno-Tats, Hayhurum Karabakhis, along with significant populations in Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Serbia, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine (including Crimea), Cyprus, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, France, Spain, the United Kingdom Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Georgia (including Samtskhe–Javakheti, Abkhazia, and Tbilisi), Azerbaijan, (including Baku), Egypt, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Jordan, Ethiopia, China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Singapore, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Israel, Palestine, the Netherlands, and Germany | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Armenian Catholicism |
| Aromanians | Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian | Balkans (Greece, Albania, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania) | Significant populations in Greece, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and North Macedonia, along with diaspora populations | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Arrernte | Pama-Nyungan → Arandic → Arrernte | Australia (Arrernte Land) | Alcheringa | |
| Ashkali | Indo-European → Albanian | Kosovo | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Assiniboine | Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine | Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), United States (North Dakota, Montana) | Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi | Traditional Assiniboine religion |
| Assyrians | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic | Assyria (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey) | Iraqi Assyrians, Turkish Assyrians, Syrian Assyrians and Iranian Assyrians. Groupings include Chaldean Assyrians from Nineveh and Bohtan, Syriac Assyrians from Tur Abdin, Hakkari and Urmia tribes including; Tyari, Jilu, Baz, Tkhuma, Nochiya. Majority in diaspora | Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity |
| Asturians | Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese → Asturian, Indo-European → Romance → Galician and Asturleonese → Eonavian | Spain (Asturias) | Eonavians | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Atacama | Kunza | Chile (Atacama Desert, Altiplano), Argentina (Altiplano), Bolivia (Antofagasta Region) | Inca Religion | |
| Atayals | Austronesian → Formosan → Atayal | Taiwan | Animism, Christianity | |
| Atikamekw | Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw | Canada (Nitaskinan) | ||
| Atoni | Austronesian → Timoric → Uab Meto | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor (Oecusse) | Amarasi | Christianity |
| Atyap | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap | Nigeria (Kaduna State) | Christianity | |
| Austral Islanders | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Austral | France (Austral Islands) | Christianity | |
| Austrians | Indo-European → Germanic → Bavarian, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Austrian Sign | Austria, Italy (South Tyrol) | Significant populations in United States, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Croatia, the United Kingdom, and Australia | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Avars | Northeast Caucasian → Avar | Russia (Dagestan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Awa | Barbacoan → Awan → Awa | Colombia (Nariño), Ecuador (Carchi) | Christianity | |
| Awadhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Awadhi | India (Awadh) | Barhai | Hinduism |
| Aymara | Aymaran → Aymara | Bolivia, Peru, Chile | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Äynu | Turkic and Indo-European → Karluk and Iranian → Uyghur and Persian → Äynu, Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur | China (Xinjiang) | Islam → Sunni Islam → Alevism | |
| Azerbaijanis | Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri | Azerbaijan, Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan) | Ayrums, Bayat, Karadaghis, Qajars, Küresünni, Padar, Qarapapaqs, Shahsevan, Terekeme, Yeraz, Afshar (including Javanshir Qizilbash), Iranian Azeris, along with significant populations in Georgia, Russia, and historically Armenia | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Babur and Bura | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bura | Nigeria (Borno State and Adamawa State) | Babur, Bura | |
| Baharna | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Bahrani Arabic | Bahrain | Significant population in Kuwait | Islam → Shia Islam |
| Bahnar | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Bahnar | Vietnam (Central Highlands) | Animism | |
| Bai | Sino-Tibetan → Greater Bai → Bai | China (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Bijie, Sangzhi County) | Buddhism, Benzhuism, Daoism | |
| Bakossi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose | Cameroon (Bakossi Mountains) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Balanta | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia | Traditional African religions | |
| Balinese | Austronesian → Balinese | Indonesia (Bali) | Bali Aga | Hinduism → Balinese Hinduism |
| Balkars | Turkic → Kipchak → Balkar | Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Balochs | Indo-European → Iranian → Balochi | Balochistan (Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan) | Askani, Bajkani, Bangulzai, Barazani, Bhurgari, Bugti, Buledi, Chandio, Darzada, Dehwar, Dodai, Dombki, Gabol, Ghazini, Jamali, Jatoi, Kalmati, Khetran, Kunara, Langhani, Lango, Lashkrani, Loharani, Lund, Marri, Mazari, Mengal, Mirali, Mugheri, Muhammad Shahi, Mullazai, Nothazai, Pitafi, Qaisrani, Rind, Sadozai, Sethwi, Shaikhzadah, Talpur, Tauki, Umrani, Yarahmadzai, Zardari, Makrani, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates (including Al Balushi) and Turkmenistan | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Balondo-ba-Konja | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo | Cameroon | Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion | |
| Balti | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Balti | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) | Islam → Shia Islam | |
| Bamars | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese | Myanmar | Taungyo, Yaw, Intha, Danu, Anglo-Burmese | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Burmese folk religion |
| Bambara | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara | Mali | Haratin | Islam |
| Bamileke | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke | Cameroon (West and Northwest regions) | Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba | Christianity |
| Bamum | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum | Cameroon (West Region) | Islam | |
| Banda | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda | Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda | Christianity |
| Bangweulu Twa | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands) | Traditional African Religion | |
| Baniwa | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Karu | Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas) | Traditional religionChristianity → Catholicism | |
| Banjarese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banjarese | Indonesia (South Kalimantan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Banjara | Indo-European → Rajasthani → Lambadi | India (Mewar) | ||
| Barak Turkmens | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey, Syria | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Bari | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari | South Sudan (Central Equatoria), Uganda | Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku | Christianity |
| Bariba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba | Borgu (Benin, Nigeria) | Islam | |
| Bashkirs | Turkic → Kipchak → Bashkir | Russia (Bashkortostan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Basques | Basque | Basque Country (Spain, France) | Navarreans, Alavans, Biscayans, Gipuzkoans, Northern Basques, along with significant populations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, and Uruguay | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Bassa | Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa | Liberia (Bassaland) | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism | |
| Basters | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans | Namibia | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Batak | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Batak | Indonesia (North Sumatra) | Angkola, Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Alas, Kluet, Singkil | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Bateri | Indo-European → Dardic → Bateri | Pakistan (Kohistan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Bauzi | East Geelvink Bay → Bauzi | Indonesia (Papua) | Animism | |
| Batwa | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Kirundi, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | African Great Lakes | Traditional African religion | |
| Bazigar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bazigar | India (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan), Pakistan (Punjab) | ||
| Beja | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Beja | Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea | Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Belarusians | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian | Belarus | Significant populations in the United States, Ukraine, and Russia | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Belizean Creoles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Belizean Creole | Belize | Christianity → Protestantism, Rastafari | |
| Bemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga Province) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Bembe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania | Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions | |
| Bena | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena | Tanzania (Njombe Region) | ||
| Bengalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sylheti, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Dhakaiya Urdu | Bengal (Bangladesh, India) | Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus, Bangladeshis, along with the Bengali Hindu diaspora, (British Bangladeshis, Middle Eastern Bangladeshis, Malaysian Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Canadians, Italo-Bangladeshis, Polish Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi New Zealanders, Bangladeshi Australians, Maldivian Bangladeshis, Japanese Bangladeshis, Bengali Americans and Bangladeshi Americans), Bangals, Ghotis, Dhakaiyas, Sylhetis | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism |
| Beni Ades | Algeria | |||
| Berbers | Afroasiatic → Berber, Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic | Maghreb | Central Atlas Berbers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Hawwara, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifians, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers, Sanhaja Berbers, Jerba, Zayanes, with significant populations in Belgium, France, Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Burkina Faso (including Tuaregs), Niger (including Tuaregs), and Mali | Islam → Sunni Islam, Ibadism |
| Berom | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom | Niger (Plateau State) | Christianity | |
| Berta | Nilo-Saharan → Berta | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region), South Sudan | Islam | |
| Betawis | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Betawian | Indonesia (Jakarta) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Beti | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Eton | Cameroon | Ewondo, Eton | Christianity |
| Bezhta | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Bezhta | Russia (Tsuntinsky District) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Bhils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil | India (Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra) | Barda, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Bhil Gametia, Bhil Garasia, Bhil Kataria, Bhil Mama, Bhil Mavchi, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Damor, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Nirdhi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Vasava, Bhil Meena, Chaudhri, Bagdi | Hinduism |
| Bhojpuris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Bhojpuri | India, Nepal | Paswan, Teli | Hinduism, Jainism |
| Bhumijs | Austroasiatic → Munda → Bhumij | India (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand) | Sarnaism | |
| Bicolanos | Austronesian → Philippine → Bikol | Philippines (Bicol Region) | Central Bikol, Sorsoganons, Catandunganons, Rinconada, Albayanon | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Bidayuh | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land Dayak | Malaysia (Sarawak) | Kendayan, Selako, Bakatiʼ, Sara Bakati', Laraʼ, Bukar–Sadong, Biatah, Tringgus, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kembayan, Semandang, Ribun, Nyaduʼ, Sanggau | Christianity |
| Bilala | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba | Chad (Lake Fitri) | Islam | |
| Bishnupriya Manipuris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bishnupriya Manipuri | India (Manipur), Bangladesh | Hinduism → Vaishnavism | |
| Bissa | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa | Burkina Faso | Islam | |
| Blaan | Austronesian → Philippine → Blaan | Philippines (Soccsksargen) | Anitism | |
| Blackfoot | Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot | Canada (Alberta), United States (Montana) | Kainai Nation, Piegan Blackfeet, Piikani Nation, Siksika Nation | Native American Church, Christianity |
| Boa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas-Uélé) | Christianity | |
| Bodo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Bodo | India (Bodoland) | Mech, Kachari | Bathouism, Hinduism |
| Bokota | Chibchan → Buglere | Panama (Bocas del Toro) | Native American religion | |
| Bondei | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei | Tanzania (Pangani District) | Islam, Traditional African religions | |
| Bosniaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Bosnian | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sandžak (Serbia, Montenegro) | Significant populations in Serbia, Turkey, Austria, Germany and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Bouyei | Kra–Dai → Tai → Bouyei | China (Guizhou) | Giáy | Moism |
| Bozo | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo | Mali | Islam | |
| Brahuis | Dravidian → Brahui | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Raisani, Jhalawan, Sarawan, Mengal (including Zagar and Zakria Zae), Sasoli | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi |
| Bretons | Indo-European → Celtic → Breton | France (Brittany) | Significant populations in Canada and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Bribri | Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign language | Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca) | Talamancan mythology | |
| Bru | Austroasiatic → Katuic → Bru | Laos (Savannakhet province), Vietnam (Quảng Bình and Quảng Trị provinces) | Satsana Phi, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism | |
| Bubi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube | Equatorial Guinea (Bioko) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Budu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wamba Territory) | Christianity | |
| Buduma | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Yedina | Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon) | Islam | |
| Buginese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Buginese | Indonesia (South Sulawesi) | Islam | |
| Bulgarians | Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian, Francosign → Bulgarian Sign | Bulgaria | Pomaks, Paulicians, Macedonian Bulgarians, Bessarabian Bulgarians, Dobrujan Bulgarians, Thracian Bulgarians, along with significant populations in Turkey, Ukraine and Moldova, Romania and Serbia, Croatia, Germany, Spain, and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Burghers | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala, Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole | Sri Lanka | Dutch Burghers, Portuguese Burghers | Christianity |
| Burushos | Burushaski | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism | |
| Butonese | Austronesian → Celebic → Butonese | Indonesia (Buton) | Islam | |
| Bwa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa | Burkina Faso, Mali | Traditional African religions | |
| Bwatiye | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bacama | Nigeria (Adamawa State) | ||
| Cabiyari | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Cabiyari | Colombia (Vaupes) | ||
| Camminanti | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian → Baccagghiu | Italy (Sicily) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Canary Islanders | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Canarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero | Spain (Canary Islands) | Isleños | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Cape Coloureds | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Indo-European → Germanic → Kaaps, Indo-European → Germanic → English | South Africa (Western Cape) | Christianity | |
| Cape Verdeans | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Cape Verdean Creole | Cabo Verde | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Carolinians | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Carolinian | United States (Northern Mariana Islands) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Catalans | Indo-European → Romance → Catalan, Catalan Sign languages | Catalan Countries (Spain, France, Andorra) | Valencians, Balearics, Algherese, Andorrans, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Cayuga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma) | Longhouse Religion | |
| Chaga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga | Tanzania | Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions | |
| Chagossians | Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole | Chagos Archipelago | Christianity, Rastafari | |
| Chaharmahali Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Chaharmahali Turkic | Iran (Chaharmahal) | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism | |
| Chakmas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Chakma | Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts) | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism | |
| Chamorro | Austronesian → Chamorro | United States (Mariana Islands) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Chams | Austronesian → Chamic → Cham | Champa (Cambodia, Vietnam), China (Hainan) | Churu, Jarai, Rade, Raglai, Utsul | Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam → Bani Islam, Hinduism |
| Chechens | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Chechen | Russia (Chechnya) | Kists, Chechen Kurds, with significant populations in Austria, France, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Chelkans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Chelkan | Russia (Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Burkhanism, Shamanism | |
| Cherokee | Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee | United States (North Carolina, Tennessee) | Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen | Christianity, Four Mothers Society |
| Chewa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa | Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Cheyennes | Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne, Plains Indian Sign Language | United States (Montana, Oklahoma) | Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity | |
| Choctaw | Muskogean → Choctaw | United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana) | Christianity, Choctaw religion | |
| Chokwe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe | Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia | Christianity | |
| Chukchis | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi | Chukchia | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism | |
| Chulyms | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Chulym | Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy | |
| Chumash | Chumashan languages | United States (California) | Christianity, Native American religion | |
| Chutiya | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Deori | India (Assam) | Deori | Ekasarana Dharma |
| Chuukese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Chuukese | Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk Lagoon) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Chuvans | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian, Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi, formerly Yukaghir → Chuvan | Russia (Chukotka) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy | |
| Chuvash | Turkic → Oghur → Chuvash | Russia (Chuvashia) | Virjal, Anatri | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Cinta Larga | Tupian → Monde → Cinta Larga | Brazil (Amazon rainforest) | Indigenous religion, Santo Daime | |
| Circassians | Northwest Caucasian → Circassian | Russia (Circassia) | Abzakhs, Adygeans, Besleneys, Bzhedugs, Chemirgoys, Cherkess, Kabardians, Natukhajs, Shapsugs, Ubykhs, and Hatuqways, with significant populations in Turkey, Israel, Syria, Jordan, Iran, Germany, Iraq, Bulgaria, the United States, Egypt, Libya, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Sufism → Naqshbandi |
| Cofán | Cofán language | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo) | Animism | |
| Comanche | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Comancheria) | Native American Church, Christianity | |
| Confederados | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | Brazil (Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, Americana) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Copts | Afroasiatic → Coptic, Egyptian Sign | Egypt | Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora | Christianity → Coptic Orthodoxy |
| Cornish | Indo-European → Celtic → Cornish, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Cornwall) | Significant populations in the United States and Australia | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism |
| Corsicans | Indo-European → Romance → Corsican | France (Corsica) | Corsican Americans (including Corsican Puerto Ricans) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Coushatta | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati | United States (Coushatta Indian Reservation, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation, Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town) | Christianity | |
| Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Cree | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador) | James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase | Christianity |
| Crimean Goths | Indo-European → Germanic → Crimean Gothic | formerly Ukraine (Crimea)) | Gothic paganism, Christianity → Arianism, Eastern Orthodoxy | |
| Crimean Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Crimean | Ukraine (Crimea) | significant populations in Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Croats | Indo-European → Slavic → Croatian → Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) | Bunjevci, Krashovani, Janjevci, Šokci, Bosnian Croats, Croat Muslims, along with significant populations in Italy (including Molise Croats), Austria, United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Australia and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Crow | Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow | Montana (United States) | Christianity, Crow religion | |
| Czechs | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech | Czech Republic | Bohemians, along with significant populations in United States and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Dagaaba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare | Ghana, Burkina Faso | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Dagombas | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani | Kingdom of Dagbon (Ghana) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Damara | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Damaraland (Namibia) | Christianity | |
| Damia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dameli | Chitral District (Pakistan) | ||
| Danes | Indo-European → Germanic → Danish, Indo-European → Germanic → East Danish, Indo-European → Germanic → Jutish, Francosign → DTSic → Danish Sign | Denmark | Significant populations in the United States, Canada, Greenland, and Germany. | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Dani | Trans-New Guinea → West Papuan Highlands → Dani | Indonesia (Baliem Valley) | ||
| Dargins | Northeast Caucasian → Dargwa | Dagestan (Russia) | Kaitag, Kubachi, Itsari, Chirag | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Dawoodi Bohra | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Lisan ud-Dawat | India, Pakistan | Islam → Shia → Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism | |
| Deccani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Deccani | Deccan (South-Central India) | Hyderabadi | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism |
| Dinka | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka | South Sudan | Christianity, Dinka religion | |
| Dogon | Niger–Congo → Dogon, Bangime, Tebul Sign | Mali (Bandiagara Escarpment) | Ampari Dogon (including Nyamboli), Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon (including Tommo So), Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Bɔlɔm, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande | Traditional African religions |
| Dogras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dogri | India (Jammu Division) | Hinduism | |
| Dolgans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Dolgan | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism | |
| Doms | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Domari, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Garachi | Azerbaijan, Middle East, North Africa | Garachi, with significant populations in Egypt, Israel, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia | Islam, Judaism |
| Doukhobors | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia | Christianity → Spiritual Christianity | |
| Druze | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic, DGSic → Israeli Sign | Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel) | Lebanese Druze, Syrian Druze, Israeli Druze, Jordanian Druze | Druzism |
| Dubla | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil → Dubli | Gujarat (India) | Hinduism | |
| Dutch | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, Indo-European → Germanic → Zeelandic, Indo-European → Germanic → Gronings, Indo-European → Germanic → Limburgish, Indo-European → Germanic → Urkers, Indo-European → Germanic → Plautdietsch, Francosign → Dutch Sign | Netherlands | Groningers, Zeeuws, Limburgers, Urkers and numerous colonial descendants such as Arubans, Bonairians, Curaçaoans, Sabans, St. Maarteners, St. Eustatians, Indos, Cape Coloureds, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand | Christianity |
| Dutch Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese and Spanish-based creoles → Papiamento | Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten | Arubans, Bonairians, Curaçaoans, Sabans, St. Maarteners, St. Eustatians | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Dwe'e | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime | Cameroon | Christianity | |
| Dyula | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula | Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| East Indian Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → East Indian Mahratti | India (Seven Islands of Bombay) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Ebira | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira | Kogi State (Nigeria) | Islam | |
| Edo | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo | Nigeria (Edo State) | Ika, Emai | Christianity |
| Efik | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik | Nigeria (Cross River State) | Christianity, Efik religion | |
| Egyptians | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic, Afroasiatic → Arabic → Sa'idi Arabic, Egyptian Sign, formerly Afroasiatic → Egyptian → Ancient Egyptian | Egypt | Sa'idi | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Ekari | Trans-New Guinea → Ekari | Indonesia (Wissel Lakes) | Christianity | |
| Ekoi | Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham | Nigeria, Cameroon | Christianity, Ekoi religion | |
| Emberá | Choco → Emberá | Colombia (Chocó Department), Panama (Darién, Emberá) | Shamanism | |
| Enets | Uralic → Samoyedic → Enets | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | ||
| English | Indo-European → Germanic → English, BANZSL → British Sign | England (United Kingdom) | Numerous colonial descendants include Americans, Canadians, Australians, New Zealanders, English South Africans, and significant populations in Commonwealth Caribbean, Saint Helena, Botswana, Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Pakistan, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, and Singapore. | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism |
| Esan | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan | Esanland (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
| Estonians | Uralic → Finnic → Estonian, Uralic → Finnic → South Estonian, Francosign → RSLic → Estonian Sign | Estonia, Setomaa (Estonia and Russia) | Setos, Voros, Hiiumaans, Saaremaans, with significant populations in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Finland, Georgia (including Abkhazia), the United States | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Evenks | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Evenki, Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Negidal | Russia, China | Negidals | Shamanism |
| Evens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Even, Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Yakut | Russia (Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakha) | Shamanism | |
| Ewe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Ewe | Togo, Ghana | Anlo Ewe, Waci | Christianity, West African Vodun |
| Falkland Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Falkland Islands English | British Overseas Territories (Falkland Islands) | Christianity | |
| Fang | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Beti → Fang | Río Muni (Equatorial Guinea), Gabon | Christianity | |
| Faroese | Indo-European → Germanic → Faroese | Faroe Islands | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism | |
| Fijians | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Fijian | Fiji | Fijian Americans, Fijian Australians, Fijian British | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism |
| Finns | Uralic → Finnic → Nuclear Finnish, Indo-European → Germanic → Finland Swedish, SSLic → FSLic | Finland | Kvens, Forest Finns, Tornedalians, Ingrian Finns (including Siberian Finns), Savonians, Tavastians, Finns proper, Ostrobothnians, Finnish Karelians, Finland Swedes, Kainuu, and Murmansk Finns, along with significant populations in Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, United States (including Findians), Argentina, and Canada (including Findians). | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Fipa | Niger–Congo → Bantu (Zone M) → Fipa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu | Rukwa Region, Tanzania (Sumbawanga Rural District, Nkasi District) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Flemings | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Flemish, Indo-European → Germanic → West Flemish, Indo-European → Germanic → Zeelandic, Francosign → Belgian Sign → Flemish Sign | Belgium (Flanders, Brussels), France (French Flanders), Netherlands (Zeelandic Flanders) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Fon | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon | Dahomey (Benin) | Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun | |
| French | Indo-European → Romance → Langues d'oïl, Indo-European → Romance → Arpitan, Indo-European → Romance → Faetar, Francosign → French Sign, Francosign → Swiss-French Sign, Francosign → Belgian Sign → French Belgian Sign | France, Romandy (Switzerland), Aosta Valley (Italy) | Arpitans (including Savoyards, Faetani, and Cellese), Burgundians, Champenois, Comtois, Gallo, Lorrainers, Normans (including Channel Islanders such as Jèrriais, Guernésiais, and Sercquiais), Picards, Mayennais, Poitevins (including Saintongeais), Barthélemoise, Saint-Martinois, French Guianese, Caldoche, Réunionese (including Zoreilles), Huguenots (including Huguenots in South Africa, Huguenot Australians, and North America), Saint-Pierrais, along with numerous colonial descendants such as Pied-Noirs, French Haitians, French Malagasy, Franco-Mauritians, Franco-Seychellois, French Americans (including French Puerto Ricans), French Senegalese, French Ivorians, French Hongkongers, French Japanese, French Koreans, French Pakistanis, French Lebanese, French Emiratis, French Hungarians, French Britons, French Cubans, French Guatemalans, French Mexicans, French Australians, French New Zealanders, French Argentines, French Brazilians, French Chileans, French Colombians, French Peruvians, French Uruguayans, | Christianity → Catholicism |
| French Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Romance → French → Antillean Creole | France (French West Indies), Dominica, Haiti, Saint Lucia | Guadeloupeans, Martinicans, Saint-Martinois, Barthelemois, Afro-French Guianans, Dominicans, Haitians, Saint Lucians | Christianity → Catholicism, Haitian Vodou |
| French Canadians | Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French | Canada | Québécois, Acadians, Franco-Terreneuvians, Franco-Ontariens, Franco-Manitobains, Fransaskois, Franco-Albertains, Franco-Colombiens, Franco-Yukonnais, Franco-Ténois, Franco-Nunavois, Brayons, Muskrat French, French-Canadian Americans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Frisians | Indo-European → Germanic → Frisian, Indo-European → Germanic → East Frisian Low Saxon, Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → West Frisian Dutch | Frisia (Netherlands, Germany, historically Denmark) | Westlauwers Frisians (including Terschelling Frisians, Schiermonnikoog Frisians, and Hindeloopen Frisians), East Frisians, North Frisians, Saterland Frisians, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Friulians | Indo-European → Romance → Friulian | Italy (Friuli) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Fula | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Fula | West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad) | Wodaabe, Haratin, Fula Jalon, Fulakunda, Maasina Fulfulde | Islam |
| Fur | Nilo-Saharan → Fur | Darfur (Sudan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Fuyu Kyrgyz | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Fuyu Kyrgyz | Fuyu County (Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China) | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism | |
| Ga-Adangbe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme | Greater Accra (Ghana) | Ga, Adangbe | Christianity |
| Gabrieleños | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleño | Native American religion, Christianity | ||
| Gade | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade | Nigeria (Niger State) | ||
| Gagauz | Turkic → Oghuz → Gagauz | Gagauzia (Moldova), Budjak (Ukraine) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy | |
| Galicians | Indo-European → Romance → Galician | Galicia (Spain) | Couto Mistans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Gamilaraay | Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Gamilaraay | New South Wales, Queensland (Australia) | Alcheringa | |
| Ganda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda | Buganda (Uganda) | Abayudaya | Christianity |
| Garhwalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Garhwali | Uttarakhand (India) | Hinduism | |
| Garifunas | Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Garos | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Garo | Garo Hills (India) | Christianity, Songsarek | |
| Gavião (Jê) | Macro-Jê → Jê → Pará Gavião → Parkatêjê, Macro-Jê → Jê → Pará Gavião → Pykobjê | Brazil (Pará, Maranhão) | Parkatêjê, Pykobjê | |
| Gavião (Rondônia) | Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná | Brazil (Rondônia) | ||
| Gayonese | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Gayo | Indonesia (Bener Meriah, Central Aceh, and Gayo Lues Regencies) | Islam | |
| Gbagyi | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari | Nigeria | Traditional African religions | |
| Gbaya | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya | Central African Republic, Cameroon | Bokoto, Kàrà, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu | Islam |
| Gedeo | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo | Ethiopia (Gedeo) | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay | |
| Gelao | Kra–Dai → Kra → Gelao | China (Guizhou) | Taoism, Buddhism | |
| Georgians | Kartvelian languages, Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Bats, Georgian Sign | Georgia, Azerbaijan (Saingilo) | Adjarians, Mingrelians, Svans, Tushetians, Meskhetians, Imerkhevians, Ingiloys, Bats, with significant populations in Turkey (including Chveneburi, France, Belgium, Poland, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, the United States, and Iran | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Germans | Indo-European → Germanic → High German, Indo-European → Germanic → Low German, DGSic → German Sign, Swiss-German Sign | Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Eastern Belgium, South Tyrol | Bavarians, Franconians, Hessians, Hunsriks, Upper Saxons, Lower Saxons, Swabians (including Danube Swabians (including Banat Swabians)), Rhinelanders (including Colognians), Alsatians, Deutschschweizer, Liechtensteiners, Pomeranians, Black Sea Germans, Volga Germans, Baltic Germans, Silesian Germans, Caucasus Germans, Carpathian Germans, North Schleswig Germans, Eastern Belgians, Transylvanian Saxons, Walsers, Bukovina Germans, Halcnovians, and Nordschleswiger, along with significant populations in the United States (including German Texans), Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela (including Colonia Tovar Germans) Canada, Chile, Kazakhstan, Australia, Poland, Denmark, and New Zealand. | Christianity |
| Ghorbati | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian, Ghorbati | Central Asia | Muğat | |
| Gibraltarians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Llanito, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Gibraltarian English, BANZSL → British Sign | British Overseas Territories (Gibraltar) | Significant populations in the United Kingdom | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Gilaks | Indo-European → Iranian → Gilaki | Gilan (Iran) | Islam → Twelver Shi’ism | |
| Gitxsan | Tsimshianic → Gitxsan | Canada (Skeena Country) | Native American religion | |
| Goan Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani → Goan Konkani | India (Goa) | Christianity → Roman Catholicism | |
| Gogo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo | Dodoma Region, Tanzania | ||
| Gola | Niger–Congo → Gola | Liberia, Sierra Leone | Islam | |
| Gonds | Dravidian → Gondi | India (Gondwana) | Godha, Madia Gonds, Muria, Koya | Hinduism, Koyapunem |
| Gorani | Indo-European → Slavic → Torlakian → Gorani | Gora (Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Gorals | Indo-European → Slavic → Lechitic → Górolski | Southern Poland, northern Slovakia, Cieszyn Silesia (Poland, Czech Republic) | Silesian Gorals | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Gorontalo | Austronesian → Philippine → Gorontaloan | Gorontalo (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Great Andamanese | Great Andamanese | Great Andaman (India) | Animism | |
| Greeks | Indo-European → Hellenic, Turkic → Kipchak → Urum, Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian, Indo-European → Romance → Megleno-Romanian, Indo-European → Albanian → Arvanitika, Indo-European → Slavic → Macedo-Bulgarian, Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign, Cypriot Sign | Greece, Cyprus | Greek Cypriots, Pontic Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks, Sarakatsani, Urums, Grikos, Macedonian Greeks, Anatolian Greeks, Tsakonians, Maniots, Antiochian Greeks, Caucasus Greeks, Cretan Muslims, Slavophone Greeks, Corfiot Greeks and also sizeable populations of Arvanites, Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians who identify as ethnic Greeks, along with significant populations in Albania (including Northern Epirotes), Turkey, Ukraine, Georgia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, France, Italy (including Grikos), Malta, and Canada | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism formerly Hellenism, Neoplatonism, [Greco-Roman Mysteries |
| Gros Ventre | Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre | United States (Montana) | Sun Dance | |
| Guajajara | Tupian → Tenetehara | Brazil (Maranhao) | Shamanism, Santo Daime | |
| Guan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang | Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions) | Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso | Christianity |
| Guaraní | Tupian → Guarani | Paraguay, Misiones (Argentina), Bolivia | Chiriguanos, along with Mestizos such as Paraguayans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Gujarati | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati | Gujarat (India) | Koli, Bharwad, Khoja, Patidar, Sunni Bohra, Lohana, Vagri, Kharva, Charan, Baria, Momna, Ghanchi, Shenva, Bhambi Khalpa, Zarabes, Bhoi, Luso-Indians, Gujarati Americans | Hinduism, Islam, Jainism |
| Gujjar / Gurjar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari | Primarily Pakistan & India, also Afghanistan at smaller numbers | Khatana, Solanki, Parihar, Tanwar, Parmar, chandel, Chauhan, Bhadana, Bhatti, Kohli, Tomar, Panwar, Pawar, Bainsla, Bagri, Hans, etc. | Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism |
| Gumuz | Nilo-Saharan → Gumuz | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region) | Traditional African religion | |
| Guna | Chibchan → Kuna | Panama (Guna Yala) | Native American religion | |
| Gurage | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes | Ethiopia (Guragia) | Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet (including Chaha) | Christianity |
| Gurma | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanché | Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana) | Ntcham, Bimoba | Islam |
| Gurungs | Sino-Tibetan → Gurung | Nepal, Sikkim (India), West Bengal (India) | Ghale, Gurung | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon, Hinduism |
| Gurunsi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi | Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo | Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyélé, Nuna, Kalamsé, Pana, Kassena, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla | Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Gwich'in | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in | Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories (Canada), Alaska (United States) | Native American religion | |
| Ha | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha | Kigoma Region (Tanzania) | Animism | |
| Hadiya | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya | Hadiya (Ethiopia) | Islam | |
| Hadza | Hadza language | Karatu District (Tanzania) | Hadza mythology | |
| Haida | Haida | Haida Gwaii (Canada) | Haida Traditional Faith | |
| Haisla | Wakashan → Haisla | British Columbia (Canada) | Native American religion | |
| Hän | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Hän | Yukon Territory (Canada, Alaska (United States) | Native American religion | |
| Han Chinese | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese, CSLic, JSLic → Taiwan Sign, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manglish, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Bazaar Malay → Baba Malay | Mainland China, Macau (China), Hong Kong (China), Taiwan, Singapore, Kokang (Myanmar) | Subei, Cantonese (including Punti, Taishanese (including Taishanese Hongkongers), Hongkongers (including Hong Kong Americans, Hong Kong Canadians, Hong Kong Britons, Hong Kong Australians, and Hongkongers in the Netherlands), Macau, Namshun, Cantonese Cambodians, and Chuanqing), Tankas (including Dan and Fuzhou Tanka), Hui (including Panthays), Fujianese (including Fuzhounese (including Fuzhounese Americans), Hoklo (including Hoklo Taiwanese, Hoklo Cambodians, and Hoklo Americans), Hui'an maidens, Putianese, Fujianese Hongkongers, Fokien, and Teochew (including Teochew Cambodians)), Gaoshan Han, Gan, Tunbao, Pinghua (including Northern Pinghua and Southern Pinghua), Hakka (including Ngái (including Dan), Hakka Mauritians, Hakka Cambodians, and Hakka Americans), Hainanese (including Hainanese Cambodians), Hebei, Hunanese, Jianghuai, Shandong, Sichuanese, Wu (including Shanghainese, Ningbonese, and Wenzhounese (including Wenzhounese French)), Kokang Chinese, Han Taiwanese (including Hoklo Taiwanese), Sino-Singaporeans (including Straits Chinese), Chin Haw, along with significant populations in the United States (including Hoklo Americans, Hong Kong Americans, Fuzhounese Americans, and Hakka Americans), Mongolia, Malaysia (including Penangite Chinese, Straits Chinese, and Peranakans (including Baba-Nyonya and Kiau–Seng)), Thailand, Indonesia (including Benteng), Myanmar, Canada (including Hong Kong Canadians), the Philippines (including Sangleys), Peru, Australia (including Hong Kong Australians), Vietnam (including Chinese Nùng and Ngái (including Dan)), Japan, Russia, France (including Chinois and Wenzhounese French), the United Kingdom (including Hong Kong Britons), South Africa, Italy, Bulgaria, Germany, Korea (including North Korea and South Korea), Fiji, Finland, Spain, India, Laos, Brazil, the Netherlands (including Hongkongers in the Netherlands), Argentina, Panama, Madagascar, Mauritius (including Namshun, Fokien, Hakka Mauritians, and Sino-creoles), Seychelles, Venezuela, Cambodia (including Teochew Cambodians, Cantonese Cambodians, Hainanese Cambodians, Hoklo Cambodians, and Hakka Cambodians), Belgium, Denmark, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Czech Republic, Chinese Bangladeshis, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Suriname, and Guyana), Chile, Costa Rica, Brazil, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania, Samoa, Serbia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and New Zealand | Chinese folk religion, Buddhism, Taoism, no religion (see also Religion in China and Religion in Taiwan) |
| Hangaza | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza | Kagera Region, Tanzania | ||
| Hani | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani | China (Yunnan) | Animism | |
| Harari | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari | Ethiopia (Hararia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Haratin | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic | Mauritania | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Hausa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Hausa | Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria, Ghana) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Hawaiians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Hawaiian, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Hawaiian Pidgin, Hawaiʻi Sign, Hawaiʻi Sign and American Sign → Creole Hawaiʻi Sign | United States (Hawaii) | Christianity, Hawaiian religion | |
| Haya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya | Tanzania (Kagera Region) | Christianity, Ruhanga | |
| Hazaras | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Hazaragi | Afghanistan (Hazarajat) | Aimaq Hazaras, Tatar Hazaras, Muhammad Khwaja, Attarwala, with significant populations in Australia, India, Indonesia, and Europe | Islam → Twelver Shi’ism |
| Hehe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe | Tanzania (Iringa Region) | ||
| Heiltsuk | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk-Oowekyala → Heiltsuk | Canada (Central Coast Regional District) | Native American religion | |
| Herero | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero | Namibia (Hereroland), Angola | OvaHimba, Ovambanderu | Christianity |
| Highland Travellers | Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic → Beurla Reagaird | United Kingdom (Scottish Highlands) | ||
| Hinukh | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hinuq | Russia (Tsuntinsky District) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Hispanic Americans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish | Hispanic America (Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Paraguay, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Uruguay), United States (Puerto Rico, Texas, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana), Belize | Mexican (Northeastern Mexican, Northwestern Mexican, Baja Californian, Western Mexican, Abajeño, Central Mexican, Southern Mexican, Coastal Mexican, Chiapaneco, Yucateco, Basque-Mexican, Mexican-American), Colombian (Cundinamarqués, Rolo, Boyacense, Santandereano, Huilense, Tolimense, Paisa, Caucano, Pastuso, Valluno, Llanero, Amazonian Colombian, Guajiro, Sabanero, Samario, Vallenato, Chochoano, Tumaqueño, Basque-Colombian, Colombian-American), Argentinian (North Argentinian, Guaranitic, Cuyano, Cordobés, Puntano, Litoraleño, Porteño, Patagonian, Basque-Argentinian, Argentinian-American), Peruvian (Ecuatorial Peruvian, Coastal Peruvian, Andean Peruvian, Amazonian Peruvian, Peruvian-American), Venezuelan (Amazonian Venezuelan, Llanero, Andean Venezuelan, Western Venezuelan, Eastern Venezuelan, Island Venezuelan, Caraqueño, Zuliano, Central Venezuelan, Venezuelan-American, Venezuelan-Colombian), Chilean (Chilean-American, Ecuadorian (Quiteño, Riobambeño, Cuencano, Lojano, Esmeraldeño, Manabita, Guayaco, Amazonian Ecuadorian, Ecuadorian-American), Guatemalan (Guatemalan-American), Bolivian (Bolivian-American), Cuban (Cuban-American), Dominican (Dominican-American), Honduran (Honduran-American), Paraguayan (Paraguayan-American), Nicaraguan (Nicaraguan-American), Salvadoran (Caliche, Lenca, Salvadoran-American), Costa Rican (Costa Rican-American), Panamanian (Panamanian-American), Uruguayan (Uruguayan-American), Isleños, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Rican, Hispanic Americans in the United States (Chicano, Nuyorican), Hispanos (Tejanos, Californios, Neomexicanos, Floridanos, Isleños, Louisiana Spanish-Creoles), Spanish-Americans in the United States (Asturian-American, Basque-American, Catalan-American, Canarian-American, Galician-American), along with significant populations in the United States, Spain, France, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Australia and Sweden | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Hispanic Afro-Caribbeans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish
Indo-European → Romance → Spanish-based creoles → Palenquero |
Hispanic Caribbean (Mexico, Caribbean Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico) | Afro-Mexican, Caribbean Afro-Colombian (Palenquero), Afro-Venezuelan, Afro-Cuban (Ganga-Longoba), Afro-Dominican, Afro-Panamanian, Afro-Puerto Rican | Christianity → Catholicism
Santería, Orisha, Yoruba, Vodou, Traditional African religion |
| Hmong | Hmong–Mien → Hmongic | China (Guizhou) | A-Hmao, Gha-Mu, Xong, Pa-Hng, Hmong Americans | Hmong folk religion |
| Hopi | Uto-Aztecan → Hopi | United States (Hopi Reservation) | Christianity, Native American Church | |
| Huli | Trans–New Guinea → Engan → Huli | Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands Province) | Christianity, Papuan religion | |
| Hungarians | Uralic → Ugric → Hungarian, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Hungarian Sign | Hungary, Romania (Székely Land), Slovakia (Felvidék) | Palóc, Matyó, Magyarabs, Hungarian Cumans, along with significant populations in Romania (including Székelys (including Bukovina Székelys) and Csángós), Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovenia, Germany, the United States, and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism, Eastern Catholicism → Hungarian Greek Catholicism, Hungarian Unitarianism |
| Hunzibs | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hunzib | Russia (Tsuntinsky District) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Hutterites | Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German | Great Plains | Christianity → Anabaptism | |
| Hutu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) | Christianity | |
| Iban | Austronesian → Malayic → Iban | Malaysia (Sarawak) | Mualang | Christianity |
| Ibanag | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ibanag | Philippines (Isabela, Cagayan) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Ibibio | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Anaang, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Eket, | Nigeria (Akwa Ibom State) | Eket, Anaang, Oron | Christianity |
| Icelanders | Indo-European → Germanic → Icelandic | Iceland | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism, Asartu | |
| Idoma | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma | Nigeria (Benue State) | Agatu, Alago, Yala | Christianity |
| Igbo | Niger–Congo → Igbo | Nigeria (Igboland) | Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa, Igbo Jews | Christianity, Odinala |
| Igede | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede | Nigeria (Benue State) | Christianity | |
| Igorot | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran | Philippines (Cordillera Administrative Region) | Balangao, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao (including Kalanguya), Isnag, Kalinga, Kankanaey | Anitism |
| Ijaw | Niger–Congo → Ijaw | Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States) | Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo | Christianity |
| Ili Turks | Turkic → Karluk → Ili Turki | China (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture), Kazakhstan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Ilocano | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ilocano | Philippines (Ilocos Region) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Indo-Caribbean | Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish, Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole, Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Papiamento, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani, Dravidian → Tamil–Kannada → Tamil | Caribbean | Indo-Barbadian, Indo-Dominican, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucian, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian, Indo-Vincentian, Indo-Belizeans, Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Surinamese | Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí |
| Indo-Fijians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Fiji Hindi, Indo-European → Germanic → English, Dravidian → Tamil–Kannada → Tamil, Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Fijian | Fiji | Significant populations in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, and United Kingdom | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism |
| Indo-Mauritians | Indo-European → Romance → French → Mauritian Creole, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri, Dravidian → Tamil | Mauritius | Hinduism, Islam | |
| Indus Kohistanis | Indo-European → Dardic → Indus Kohistani | Pakistan (Kohistan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Ingush | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Ingush | Russia (Ingushetia) | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i | |
| Innu | Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Algic → Algonquian → Naskapi | Canada (Labrador, Quebec) | Naskapi | |
| Inuit | Eskaleut → Inuit, Inuit Sign language | Denmark (Greenland), Canada (Nunavut, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, NunatuKavut), United States (Alaska) | Greenlandics (including Kalaallit, Tunumiit, Inughuit and Greenlandic Danes), Iñupiat (including Nunamiut), Inuktitut, Inuvialuit, Iglulik Inuit (including Aivilingmiut) | Christianity, Inuit religion |
| Iranun | Austronesian → Philippine → Iranun | Philippines (Mindanao) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Iraqw | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw | Tanzania | Christianity | |
| Irish | Indo-European → Celtic → Irish, Francosign → Irish Sign, BANZSL → British Sign → Northern Ireland Sign | Ireland (Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom) | Ulster Irish, Irish Catholics, Irish-Scots, along with significant populations in the United States, Australia, Canada, Argentina, Mexico, Great Britain, Russia, and New Zealand | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Irish Travellers | Indo-European → Shelta | Ireland | Significant populations in the United Kingdom, and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Isan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao → Isan | Thailand (Isan) | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism | |
| Isoko | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko | Nigeria (Isoko region) | Christianity | |
| Istro-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Istro-Romanian | Croatia (Istria) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Italians | Indo-European → Romance → Italo-Dalmatian, Indo-European → Romance → Gallo-Italic, Indo-European → Slavic → Slavomolisano, Francosign → LISic → Italian Sign, Francosign → LISic → Swiss-Italian Sign, formerly Cocoliche, Indo-European → Romance → Dalmatian | Italy, Switzerland (Ticino), Monaco, San Marino, France (County of Nice) | Waldensians, Lazians, Marchigianos, Tuscans, Umbrians, Emilians, Romagnol (including Sammarinese (including Sammarinese Americans)), Trentinis, Ligurians (including Niçard Italians, Monégasques (including Monégasque Americans)), Lombards (including Lombards of Sicily), Piedmontese, Apulians, Calabrians, Neapolitans (including Abruzzans, Molisans (including Molise Croats), Lucanians, and Campanians), Venetians (including Talians and Chipileños), Vastese, Istrian Italians (including Istriots), Dalmatian Italians, along with significant populations (including the Calabrian diaspora) in Argentina, Brazil, the United States (including Sammarinese and Monégasques), Venezuela, Canada, France, Peru, Uruguay, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Croatia, Crimea, Romania, Chile and the United Kingdom | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Itawes | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Itawis | Philippines (Cagayan Valley) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Itelmens | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Kamchatkan → Itelmen | Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula) | Shamanism | |
| Izhorians | Uralic → Finnic → Ingrian | Russia (Ingria) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy | |
| Jamaican Maroons | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole | Jamaica | Kumfu | |
| Japanese | Japonic → Japanesic, Japonic → Hachijō, JSLic → Japanese Sign, Miyakubo Sign | Japan | Kantō, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tōhoku, Hōnichi, Satsugū, Chūgoku, Echigo, Tōkai, Shinshuu, Hokuriku, Hachijō, Miyakubo, Tsugaru, and Nikkei Brazilians in Japan, along with significant populations in Brazil, the United States (including Hawaii), Canada, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica), Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China (including Hong Kong), Belgium (including Brussels), Spain, Turkey, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Australia, Pakistan, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South Africa, Singapore, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, the United Arab Emirates, and the Philippines. | Shinto, Tenrikyo, Buddhism |
| Jarai | Austronesian → Chamic → Jarai | Vietnam (Central Highlands) | Animism | |
| Jarawas | Ongan → Jarawa | India (South Andaman, Middle Andaman) | Animism | |
| Javanese | Austronesian → Javanesic | Indonesia (Java) | Cirebonese, Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Banyumasan, along with significant populations in Malaysia, Suriname, China, Sri Lanka, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Jews | Afro-Asiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew, Jewish languages, DGSic → Israeli Sign, formerly Indo-European → Romance → Zarphatic, Indo-European → Romance → Judaeo-Portuguese, Indo-European → Slavic → Knaanic | Israel, Ukraine (Crimea) | Ashkenazim (including Galitzianers, Yekke, Litvaks, Udmurt and Tatar Jews), Sephardim (including Eastern Sephardim, Maroka'im, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, Amazonian Jews, Iberian Jews, Sephardic Bnei Anusim, and Toshavim), Mizrahim (including Bukharim, Juhurim, Syrian Jews, Arab Jews, Afghan Jews, Baghdadi Jews, Teimanim, Sharʿabi Jews, Habbanim, Banu al-Harith, Adeni Jews, Persian Jews, Mashhadi Jews, and Kaifeng Jews), Beta Israel (including Beta Abraham and Falash Mura), Italkim (including San Nicandro Jews), Rusape Jews, Romaniotes, Constantinopolitan Karaites, Bavlim, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Gruzim, Benei Sión, Bene Israel, Kochinim, Paradesi, Lishanid Noshan, Israeli Jews (including Turkish Jews in Israel, Peruvian Jews in Israel, Teimanim in Israel, Argentine Jews in Israel, Australian Jews in Israel, Romanian Jews in Israel, Russian Jews in Israel, South African Jews in Israel, Uruguayan Jews in Israel, Venezuelan Jews in Israel, Bavlim in Israel, Kurdish Jews in Israel, Persian Jews in Israel, Bukharim in Israel, Juhurim in Israel, Georgian Jews in Israel, Bulgarian Jews in Israel, French Jews in Israel, Maroka'im in Israel, Ethiopian Jews in Israel, Indian Jews in Israel, and Pakistani Jews in Israel), B'nai Moshe (including B'nai Moshe in Israel), Xuetes, Bnei Menashe, Urfalim, Meshuchrarim, Abayudaya, Shaposhniki, Karaimites, African-American Jews, and Bene Ephraim, along with significant populations in the United States (including Syrian Jews and Puerto Rican Jews), Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Russia, Belarus, the Czech lands, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Austria, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Belgium, Iraq, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Monaco, the United Kingdom, Peru, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. | Judaism |
| Jingpo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Jingpho | China (Yunnan), India (Northeast India), Myanmar (Kachin State) | Animism | |
| Jita | Tanzania (Mara Region) | |||
| Jola | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola | Senegal (Jolaland) | Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp | Traditional African religions |
| Jukun | Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum | Nigeria (Wukari) | Wannu | Traditional African religions |
| Kadazan-Dusun | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Dusunic | Malaysia (Sabah) | Kadazan, Dusun, Dumpas, Ida'an, Kwijau, Lotud, Mangka'ak, Maragang, Minokok, Orang Sungai, Rumanau, Rungus, Tambanuo | Christianity, Momolianism |
| Kafwe Twa | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Tonga | Zambia (Kafue Flats) | Traditional African Religion | |
| Kaguru | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu | Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains) | ||
| Kaingang | Macro-Jê → Je → Kaingang | Brazil (Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo) | Shamanism | |
| Kalanga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga | Zimbabwe, Botswana | Nambya | Christianity |
| Kalash | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kalasha | Pakistan (Chitral District) | Kalasha | |
| Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin | Kenya (Rift Valley Province) | Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pökoot, Okiek, Terik | Christianity |
| Kalinago | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna, Vincentian Creole | Lesser Antilles | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Kamba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba | Kenya (Ukambani) | Christianity | |
| Kamëntsá | Camsá language | Colombia (Putumayo) | Christianity | |
| Kanaks | Austronesian → Kanak | France (Kanakia) | Haveke, Ajië, Arhâ, Xârâgurè, Haeke | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Kannadigas | Dravidian → Tamil–Kannada → Kannada | India (Karnataka) | Vokkaliga | Hinduism, Jainism |
| Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri | Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon) | Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri | Islam |
| Kapampangans | Austronesian → Philippine → Kapampangan | Pampanga (Philippines) | Christianity → Catholicism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Anitism | |
| Kapsiki | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki | Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon) | Islam | |
| Karamanlides | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Karamanli Turkish | Turkey (Karaman Province, Cappadocia) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy | |
| Karachays | Turkic → Kipchak → Karachay | Russia (Karachay-Cherkessia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Karakalpaks | Turkic → Kipchak → Karakalpak | Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Karategin Uzbeks | Turkic → Karluk → Southern Uzbek | Afghanistan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Karbi | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Karbic | India (Karbi Anglong district) | Amri | Hinduism, Animism |
| Karelians | Uralic → Finnic → Karelian, Uralic → Finnic → Ludic, Uralic → Finnic → Livvi-Karelian | Karelia (Finland, Russia) | Tver Karelians, Olonets Karelians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Karen | Sino-Tibetan → Karenic | Myanmar (Karen State, Kayah State, Pa'O Self-Administered Zone), Thailand | S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Karenni (including Kayan), Pa'O | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Karuk | Karuk language | United States (California) | Christianity | |
| Kashmiris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Kashmiri | Kashmir (India, Pakistan) | Kashmiri Pandits, Kashmiris in Punjab | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism |
| Kashubians | Indo-European → Slavic → Kashubian, Indo-European → Slavic → Slovincian | Poland (Kashubia) | Krubans, Slovincians, and Gochans, along with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Kaska Dena | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska | Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory) | Native American religion | |
| Kawesqar | Alacalufan → Kawesqar | Chile (Chilean Patagonia, Wellington Island) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Kayapo | Macro-Jê → Jê → Kayapo | Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso) | ||
| Kazakhs | Turkic → Kipchak → Kazakh | Kazakhstan | Argyn, Kerei, with significant populations in China, Iran, Canada, the United States, and Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Kereks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Kerek | Russia (Chukotka) | Shamanism | |
| Keres | Keresan languages, Keresan Sign Language | United States (Sandoval County and Cibola County, New Mexico) | ||
| Kerewe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe | Ukerewe Island (Tanzania) | ||
| Kerinci | Austronesian → Malayic → Kerinci | Kerinci Regency (Indonesia) | Islam | |
| Ket | Dene-Yeniseian → Yeniseian → Ket | Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia) | Shamanism | |
| Khakas | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Khakas | Khakassia (Russia) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Tengrism | |
| Khalaj | Turkic → Common Turkic → Khalaj | Iran | ||
| Khanty | Uralic → Ugric → Khanty | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Russia) | ||
| Khas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali | Nepal, India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal) | Chhetri, Thakuri, Rana, Vaisya, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Sunar, Gandarbha | Hinduism |
| Khinalugs | Northeast Caucasian → Khinalug | Khinalug (Azerbaijan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Khmer | Austroasiatic → Khmer | Cambodia, Mekong Delta, Isan | Northern Khmer people, Khmer Krom and Significant populations in the United States | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Khoja | significant population in East Africa | Islam → Shia Islam → Ismaili'sm → Nizari Isma'ilism | ||
| Khonds | Dravidian → Kui | Kandhamal (India) | Hinduism | |
| Khorasani Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic | Khorasan (Iran) | Islam → Shia Islam | |
| Khwarshi | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Khwarshi | Tsumadinsky District (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Kiga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Kiga | Uganda, Rwanda | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Kikuyu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu | Central Province (Kenya) | Christianity | |
| Kilba | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Huba | Hong (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
| Kinga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga | Kipengere Range (Njombe Region, Tanzania) | Christianity, Traditional African religion | |
| Kiowa | Tanoan → Kiowa | Oklahoma (United States) | Christianity, Native American Church | |
| Kirantis | Sino-Tibetan → Kiranti | Eastern Region (Nepal) | Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha (including Athpare), Rai (including Kulung, Bantawa, and Bahing) | Kirat Mundhum |
| Kiribati | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Gilbertese | Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) | Christianity, Baha'i Faith | |
| Kissi | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi | Guinea, Sierra Leone | Christianity | |
| Kofyar | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Kofyar | Plateau State (Nigeria) | Traditional African religions | |
| Komi | Uralic → Permic → Komi | Russia (Komi Republic, Permyakia) | Komi-Zyrians, Komi-Permyaks, Izhma Komi | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Kongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo | Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola) | Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe | Christianity, Kongo religion |
| Konjo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo | Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda) | Nande | Christianity |
| Konkani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | Konkan (India) | Luso-Indians | Hinduism |
| Konso | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Konso | Konso (Ethiopia) | Traditional African religions | |
| Koreans | Koreanic languages, JSLic → Korean Sign | Korea (North Korea, South Korea) | North Koreans (including North Koreans in South Korea), South Koreans, Jeju Islanders, Koryo-saram, Sakhalin Koreans, Zainichi Koreans, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala, Russia (including North Koreans, Koryo-saram, and Sakhalin Koreans), China, Japan (including Zainichi Koreans), Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Mongolia, Iran, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, India, the Arab world, Africa (including South Africa), Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela, Australia, New Zealand, Micronesia, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic | Christianity → Protestantism and Catholicism, Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism → Korean Buddhism, Korean shamanism, Cheondoism, Unification Church, Juche |
| Koryaks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Koryak | Russia (Koryak Okrug) | Christianity → Orthodox Christianity, Shamanism | |
| Kosraeans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Kosraean | Kosrae (Federated States of Micronesia) | Christianity | |
| Kpelle | Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle | Liberia, Guinea | Traditional African religions | |
| Kposo | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo | Plateaux (Togo), Ghana | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Krahô | Macro-Jê → Jê → Krahô | Brazil (Terra Indígena Kraolândia) | ||
| Kristang | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Kristang | Malaysia, Singapore | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Kru | Niger–Congo → Kru | Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties) | Aizi, Bété, Bakwé, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa | Christianity |
| Kulin | Pama-Nyungan → Kulinic → Kulin | Victoria (Australia) | Alcheringa | |
| Kumandins | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Kumandy | Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy | |
| Kumyks | Turkic → Kipchak → Kumyk | Dagestan (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Kumzari | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Western Iranian → Southwestern | Kumzar (Oman) | Islam → Ibadi Islam, Sunni Islam | |
| Kunama | Nilo-Saharan → Kunama | Eritrea, Ethiopia | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy | |
| Kurds | Indo-European → Iranian → Kurdish, Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Zaza–Gorani, Kurdish Sign | Kurdistan (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey, Armenia) | Bajalan, Zazas, Feylis, Iranian Laks, Yazidis, Shabak, Sheylanli, Muzuri, along with significant populations in France and Germany | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Naqshbandi, Qadiriyya, Kurdish Alevism, Yazidism, Yarsanism, Zoroastrianism |
| Kuria | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria | Kenya, Tanzania | Traditional African religions, Christianity | |
| Kurukh | Dravidian → Kurukh | Chota Nagpur Plateau (India) | Kisan | Sarnaism, Christianity, Hinduism |
| Kuteb | Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb | Taraba State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
| Kwakwaka'wakw | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala | British Columbia (Canada) | Native American religion | |
| Kwaya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya | Mara Region (Tanzania) | ||
| Kwere | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere | Bagamoyo District (Pwani Region, Tanzania) | ||
| Kwinti | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Kwinti | Suriname | Christianity → Moravian Church | |
| Kyrgyz | Turkic → Kipchak → Kyrgyz | Kyrgyzstan | Significant populations in Turkey | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Tengrism |
| Ladins | Indo-European → Romance → Ladin | Italy (Ladinia) | ||
| Laks | Northeast Caucasian → Lak | Russia (Lakia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Lamaholot | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Lamaholot | Indonesia (Solor) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Lampungs | Austronesian → Lampung | Lampung (Indonesia) | Islam | |
| Lani | Trans-New Guinea → Western Dani | Indonesia (Central Papua, Highland Papua) | Christianity, Animism | |
| Lao | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao | Laos | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Satsana Phi | |
| Larrakia | Larrakia | Australia (Northern Territory) | Alcheringa | |
| Latvians | Indo-European → Baltic → Latvian, Indo-European → Baltic → Latgalian | Latvia | Latgalians, Kursenieki, Selonians | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Laz | Kartvelian → Laz | Lazistan (Turkey, Georgia) | Turkish Laz, Georgian Laz | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Lega | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Traditional African religions | |
| Lemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique | Christianity, Islam, Judaism | |
| Lenape | Algonquian → Munsee, Unami | United States | Traditional Lenape religion | |
| Lezgins | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Lezgian | Lezgistan (Russia, Azerbaijan) | Aghuls, Archin, Budukhs, Jeks, Kryts, Rutuls, Tabasarans, Tsakhurs | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Lhoba | Adi, Bokar, Idu Mishmi | China (Tibet), India (Arunachal Pradesh) | Nishi, Na, Galo, Mishmi people, Tagin, Adi | Animism, Buddhism |
| Li | Kra–Dai → Hlai | China (Hainan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Limba | Niger–Congo → Limba | Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts) | Christianity | |
| Lipka Tatars | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian, Polish, Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian | Belarus, Poland, Lithuania | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Lisu | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Lisu | China, Myanmar | Lipo | Christianity → Protestantism → Lisu Christianity |
| Lithuanians | Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian, Lithuanian Sign | Lithuania | Samogitians, Aukstaitians, Lietuvninkai, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Poland and the United Kingdom | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Livonians | Uralic → Finnic → Livonian | Latvia, Estonia | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism | |
| Lom | Indo-European → Armenian and Indo-Aryan → Lomavren, Indo-European → Armenian | Armenia, Georgia, Turkey | ||
| Lori | Balochistan | |||
| Louisiana Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Louisiana Creole, Indo-European → Romance → Louisiana French, Indo-European → Germanic → English | Louisiana (United States) | Cajuns, Creoles of color, Alabama Creoles | Christianity → Catholicism, Louisiana Voodoo |
| Luba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban | Lubaland (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua | Christianity |
| Lubu | Austronesian → Malayic → Lubu | Indonesia (Sumatra) | ||
| Luhya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya | Western Province (Kenya) | Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga, | Christianity |
| Lumbee | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American Indian English → Lumbee English | United States (North Carolina) | Christianity | |
| Luo | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo | Kenya | Christianity | |
| Lurs | Indo-European → Iranian → Luri | Iran (Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces) | Bakhtiari, Iranian Laks | Islam → Shia Islam, Yarsanism |
| Luritja | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Luritja | Northern Territory (Australia) | Alcheringa | |
| Luxembourgers | Indo-European → Germanic → Moselle Franconian → Luxembourgish | Luxembourg, Arelerland (Belgium) | Significant populations in Brazil and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Maasai | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai | Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya) | Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi | Traditional African religions |
| Macanese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Macanese Patois, Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Cantonese | China (Macau) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Macedonians | Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian | North Macedonia | Torbesh, Mijaks, along with significant populations in Australia, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Greece | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Macushi | Cariban → Macushi | Guyana (Rupununi), Brazil (Roraima) | Shamanism | |
| Madi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di | Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda | Christianity | |
| Madurese | Austronesian → Madurese | Madura (Indonesia) | Boyanese | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i |
| Mafa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Mafa | Cameroon | Christianity | |
| Magahi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Magahi | Magadha (India) | Hinduism | |
| Magars | Sino-Tibetan → Magar | Nepal | Ale, Gharti, Chantayal, Saru, Pun | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Maguindanao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maguindanao | Maguindanao (Philippines) | Islam | |
| Mahar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | Maharashtra | Buddhism → Navayana Buddhism | |
| Maithils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Maithili | Mithila (India, Nepal) | Karan Kayastha, Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaisya | Hinduism |
| Makah | Wakashan → Makah | Washington (United States) | Native American religion | |
| Makassarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Makassarese | South Sulawesi (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Makonde | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde | Tanzania, Mueda Plateau (Mozambique) | Machinga | Islam |
| Makua | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa | Mozambique | Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo | Traditional African religions |
| Malagasy | Austronesian → Malagasy | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius | Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo | Christianity, Malagasy religion |
| Malayali | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam | Kerala (India) | Ambalavasi, Dheevara, Nair, Paravar, Mappilas, Ezhava, Latheen Mappilas, St. Thomas Christians along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity |
| Malays | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Brunei Malay Austronesian → Malayic → Jambi Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Pahang Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Terengganu Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Kedah Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Reman Malay, Francosign → ASLic → Malaysian Sign, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Sri Lanka Malay | Malay world (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei) | Bruneians, Kedahans, Pattani, Pahang, Pontianaks, Terengganuarians, Kelantanese, Perakians, Berau, Loloan Malays, Batin, Proto-Malay (including Orang Kuala, Jakun, Orang Rimba, Orang Seletar, and Temuan) Cape Malays, Cocos Malays, Bangka Malays, Thai Malays, Burmese Malays, Sri Lankan Malays | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Maldivians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Maldivian | Maldives, India (Minicoy) | Mahls | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Maltese | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Maltese | Malta | Gozitans, with significant populations in Greece (including Corfu) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Mambai | Austronesian → Timoric → Mambai | East Timor (Dili District) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Mambila | Niger–Congo → Mambila | Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon) | Somyev | Traditional African religions |
| Manchus | Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Manchu | Manchuria | Significant populations in Taiwan | Shamanism |
| Mandaeans | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Aramaic → Mandaic | Southern Mesopotamia | Iraq, Iran | Mandaeism |
| Mandarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Mandar | West Sulawesi (Indonesia) | Islam | |
| Mandinka | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding | Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal | Bolon | Islam |
| Mangalorean Catholics | Indo-European languages → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | Karnataka (India) | Christianity → Roman Catholicism | |
| Manggarai | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Manggarai | Manggarai (Indonesia) | Christianity | |
| Manjak | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal | Traditional African religions | |
| Manx | Indo-European → Celtic → Manx | Isle of Man (Crown Dependency) | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Māori | Austronesian → Polynesian → New Zealand Māori, Austronesian → Polynesian → Cook Islands Māori, Austronesian → Polynesian → Penrhyn, Austronesian → Polynesian → Rakahanga-Manihiki, Austronesian → Polynesian → Pukapukan | New Zealand | Cook Islanders, Māori Indians, with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States | Christianity |
| Mappila Muslims | Dravidian → Arabi Malayalam | India (Kerala, Lakshadweep) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Mapuche | Araucanian languages | Chile (Araucanía), Argentina | Huilliche, Moluche, Pehuenche, along with Mestizos such as Chileans | Christianity, Mapuche religion |
| Maranao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maranao | Philippines (Lanao) | Islam | |
| Marathi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | India (Maharashtra) | Mahar, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, Bhoi | Hinduism, Jainism |
| Maris | Uralic → Mari | Russia (Mari El) | Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari, Eastern Mari, Mountain Mari | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Mari Native Religion |
| Maronites | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Western Aramaic | Lebanon | Significant populations in Syria, Cyprus and Israel along with the greater Lebanese diaspora | Christianity → Maronite Catholicism |
| Marquesas Islanders | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesians → Polynesian → Marquesan | France (Marquesas Islands) | Christianity | |
| Marshallese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Marshallese | Marshall Islands | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Masa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Masana | Cameroon, Chad | Christianity, Islam | |
| Masalit | Nilo-Saharan → Masalit | Sudan, Chad | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Matagi | Ani, Shirakami-Sanchi (Japan) | |||
| Matawai | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname | Christianity → Moravian Church | |
| Mauritian Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Mauritian Creole | Mauritius | Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari | |
| Maya | Mayan, Mayan Sign | Guatemala, Belize, Mexico (Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas) | Maya, Achi, Chuj, Chʼortiʼ, Itza, Kʼicheʼ, Qʼeqchiʼ, Xinca, Tektitek, Huastecan, Mopan, Lacandon, Chontal, Akatek, Jakaltek, Qʼanjobʼal, Tzeltal, Mochoʼ, Tojolab'al, Mam, Ixil, Tzotzil, Poqomam, Yucatecan Maya, Motozintlecos, Awakatek, Kaqchikel, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Uspantek, Ch'ol, Tzʼutujil, along with Mestizos such as Guatemalans (including Hispanic Belizeans) and Mexicans | Christianity → Catholicism, Maya religion |
| Mazahua | Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua | State of Mexico (Mexico) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Mazandaranis | Indo-European → Iranian → Western Iranian → Mazanderani | Mazandaran, Iran | Islam → Shia Islam | |
| Mazatec | Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Ayautla | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Mbaka | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Megleno-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Megleno-Romanian | Greece (Almopia) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Mehri | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Mehri | Oman (Dhofar Governorate), Yemen (Al Mahrah Governorate, Socotra) | Islam | |
| Meitei | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Meitei | India (Manipur) | Loi | Hinduism → Vaishnavism |
| Melanau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Melanau | Malaysia (Sarawak) | Islam | |
| Mende | Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende | Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces) | Islam | |
| Mennonites | Russian Mennonites, Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites | Christianity → Anabaptism | ||
| Métis | Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif, Indo-European → Romance → French → Métis French, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi | Canada (Canadian Prairies) | Anglo-Métis | Christianity |
| Miccosukee | Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Miccosukee Indian Reservation) | ||
| Mien | Hmong–Mien → Mienic | China (Hunan, Guizhou), Vietnam | Iu Mien, Kim Mun, Dzao Min, Biao Min, Bunu, Lakkia, Biao Mon, San Diu | Yao folk religion |
| Mijikenda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda | Kenya (Coast Province) | Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai | Christianity |
| Minahasan | Austronesian → Philippine → Minahasan, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay-based creole → Manado Malay | Indonesia (Minahasa Peninsula) | Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu, Tonsea | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Minangkabau | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau | Indonesia (Minangkabau Highlands) | Aneuk Jamee | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Misak | Barbacoan → Northern Barbacoan → Coconucan → Nam Trik | Colombia (Cauca) | Traditional religionChristianity → Catholicism | |
| Mising | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Mising | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh) | Donyi-Polo, Ekasarana Dharma | |
| Miskito | Misumalpan → Miskito | Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras) | Including Miskito Sambu | Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church |
| Mixe | Mixe–Zoque → Mixe | Oaxaca (Mexico) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Mixtec | Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec | La Mixteca (Mexico) | Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Miꞌkmaq | Algic → Algonquian → Miꞌkmaq | Miꞌkmaꞌki (Canada) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Mohawk | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk | Quebec, Ontario (Canada), New York (United States) | Animism, Christianity | |
| Moldovans | Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Moldovan, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Moldova Sign | Moldova | Significant populations in Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Italy and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Molokans | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia | Christianity → Spiritual Christianity | |
| Mon | Austroasiatic → Mon | Mon State (Myanmar) | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism | |
| Monacans | Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Tutelo | |||
| Monégasques | Indo-European → Romance Ligurian → Monegasque | Monaco | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Mongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Équateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi) | Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela | Christianity |
| Mongols | Mongolic, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Mongolian Sign | China (Inner Mongolia, Dorbetia, Bayingolin, Dzungaria, Subei-Mongolia, Santania, Kharchinia), Mongolia, Russia (Buryatia, Ust-Orda, Aginia, Kalmykia) | Khalkha, Buryats (including Barga), Oirats, Kalmyks, Daur, Moghols, Hamnigan, Tsagaan, Yugur, Khatso, Bonan, Sart Kalmyks, Sichuan Mongols, Sogwo Arig, Altai Uriankhai, Ordos, Kanja, Sogwo Arig, Mughals, Santa, Naimans, Dariganga, Khorchin, Kharchin, Köke Nuur, Chaharian, Jalairs, Gorlos, Sartuul, Myangad, Tubalar, Uzemchin, Uradian, Tumed, Baarins, Tofalar, Zakhchin, Hishigten, Dorbet, Muumyangan, Jalaids, Abaganar, Chantuu, Olot, Sunud, Eastern Dorbet, Aohans, Onnigud, Khoshut, Abagas, Khotons, Alasha, Khoid, Eljigin, Choros, Qaidam, Fujin | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism |
| Mongondow | Austronesian → Philippine → Mongondow | Mongondowia (Indonesia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Montenegrins | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Montenegrin | Montenegro | Significant populations in Serbia and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Moravians | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech → Moravian | Moravia (Czech Republic) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Mordvins | Uralic → Mordvinic | Mordovia (Russia) | Erzyas, Mokshas, Qaratays, Teryukhans, Tengushev, Shoksha | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Mordvin Native Religion |
| Moriori | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitic → Māori–Moriori → Moriori | Chatham Islands (New Zealand) | Christianity including Rātana | |
| Mormon | English | Mountain States (United States) | Mormonism | |
| Mossi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi | Mossiland (Burkina Faso) | Islam | |
| Mosuo | Sino-Tibetan → Naish → Na | China (Sichuan and Yunnan) | Daba, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism | |
| Motu | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Motu | Central Province (Papua New Guinea) | Christianity, Shamanism | |
| Muhajir | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Urdu | Pakistan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Mumuye | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye | Taraba State (Nigeria) | Traditional African religions | |
| Munanese | Austronesian → Celebic → Munanese | Muna (Indonesia) | Islam | |
| Mundas | Austroasiatic → Munda → Mundari | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal) | Sabar, Mahali | Sarnaism |
| Murut | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Murutic | Malaysia (Murutia) | Okolod, Keningau, Tagal, Paluan, Selungai, Timugon, Serudung, Sembakung, Tidong, Kalabakan, Bulungan, Bookan | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Muscogee | Muskogean → Muscogee, Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia) | Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Creek Freedmen | Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society |
| Musgum | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Musgu | Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est) | Islam | |
| Muslimani | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian | Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, North Macedonia | Islam | |
| Mwera | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera | Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions) | Islam | |
| Nagas | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga | India (Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam), Myanmar (Naga Self-Administered Zone) | Angami, Ao, Chakhesang (including Chokri and Khezha), Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Mao, Maram, Maring, Nocte, Phom, Pochury, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sümi, Tangkhul, Tangsa, Tikhir, Wancho, Yimkhiung, Zeliangrong (Zemi, Liangmei, Rongmei/Kabui), Lamkang Naga | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists, |
| Nagpuri | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Sadri | India (Chota Nagpur Plateau) | Chik Baraik | Hinduism |
| Nahuas | Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl | Mexico | Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil, along with Mestizos such as Mexicans | Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion |
| Nakoda | Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) | Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney | |
| Nama | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia (Namaland), South Africa | Oorlams | Christianity |
| Nanai | Tungusic → Nanai, Tungusic → Kili | Russia, China | Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism | |
| Naso | Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe | Panama (Bocas del Toro) | Native American religion | |
| Natchez | Natchez language | United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina) | Eastern Band | |
| Nauruans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Nauruan | Nauru | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Navajo | Dené–Yeniseian → Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo, Navajo Family Sign | United States (Navajo Nation) | Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church | |
| Newars | Sino-Tibetan → Newar | Nepal (Kathmandu Valley) | Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, Shrestha, Shakya, Chitrakar | Hinduism, Buddhism → Vajrayana → Newar Buddhism |
| Nez Perce | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce, Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Idaho, Washington) | Waashat Religion, Christianity | |
| Ngabe | Chibchan → Guaymi | Panama (Ngabe-Bugle Comarca) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Ngaju | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Ngaju | Indonesia (Central Kalimantan) | Bakumpai, Meratus | Kaharingan |
| Ngalop | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Dzongkha | Bhutan | Kheng, Bumthang | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon |
| Ngbandi | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic | Yakoma | Christianity |
| Nias | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Nias | Indonesia (Nias) | Christianity | |
| Nicobarese | Austroasiatic → Nicobarese | Nicobar Islands (India) | Christianity, Animism | |
| Niueans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Polynesian → Niuean | New Zealand (Niue) | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism | |
| Nivkhs | Nivkh languages | RussiaKhabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast) | Shamanism | |
| Nkole | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore | Uganda (Ankole) | Christianity, Ruhanga | |
| Nogais | Turkic → Kipchak → Nogai | Stavropol Krai, Dagestan (Russia) | Ak Nogai, Karagash | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Norfolk Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creoles → Pitcairn-Norfolk → Norfuk | Norfolk Island (Australia) | Irreligion, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism | |
| Northern Tutchone | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone | Yukon Territory (Canada) | Native American religion | |
| Norwegians | Indo-European → Germanic → Norwegian | Norway | Kola Norwegians, Svalbarders, along with Significant populations in the United States, and Norwegian Canadians | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism, Asartu |
| Nubians | Nilo-Saharan → Nubian | Nubia (Egypt, Sudan) | Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali) | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Nuer | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer | South Sudan (Nuerland) | Traditional African religions | |
| Nùng | Kra–Dai → Tai → Zhuang → Nung | Vietnam, Guangxi (China) | Moism | |
| Nuristanis | Indo-European → Nuristani | Nuristan (Afghanistan) | Safed-Posh Kaffirs (including Askunis), Kamkata-viris (including Kata and Kom) | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Nuu-chah-nulth | Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth | British Columbia (Canada) | Native American religion | |
| Nuxalk | Salishan → Nuxalk | British Columbia (Canada) | Native American religion | |
| Nyambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo | Karagwe District, Kagera Region, Tanzania | ||
| Nyishi | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Nishi | Arunachal Pradesh (India) | Christianity | |
| Ōbeikei Islanders | English creoles → Bonin English | Japan (Bonin Islands) | Christianity, Buddhism, Shinto | |
| Occitans | Indo-European → Romance → Occitan, Indo-European → Romance → Gardiol | Occitania (France, Italy, Spain) | Aranese, Auvergnats, Provençals, Languedociens, Gascons, Niçois | Christianity |
| Odawa | Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa | Canada (Ontario), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan) | ||
| Odia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Odia | India (Odisha) | Utkala Brahmins, Khandayat, Bonaz, Badu; Bairagi (Oriya); Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond (Oriya); Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka (Oriya); Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; Thoria | Hinduism |
| Ogoni | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni | Nigeria (Ogoniland) | Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ | Christianity |
| Ogu | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun | Lagos, Ogun State (Nigeria), Benin | ||
| Oji-Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree | Ontario, Manitoba (Canada) | ||
| Ojibwe | Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe | Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States) | Mississaugas, Findians | Midewiwin |
| Oku | Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English | Sierra Leone, The Gambia | Islam | |
| Oneida | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Wisconsin) | Longhouse Religion | |
| Onge | Ongan → Onge | India (Little Andaman Island) | Animism | |
| Onondaga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York) | ||
| Orochs | Tungusic → Udegheic → Oroch | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Primorsky Krai) | ||
| Oromo | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Oromo | Ethiopia (Oromia), Kenya | Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Oroqens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Oroqen | China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia) | ||
| Ossetians | Indo-European → Iranian → Ossetian | Ossetia (Russia, Georgia) | Iron, Digor, Jasz, Kudar, Trialeti Ossetians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Ostrogoths | Indo-European → Germanic → Gothic | Balkans | Christianity → Arianism | |
| Ot Danum | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Ot Danum | Indonesia (West and Central Kalimantan) | Lawangan, Ma'anyan | Kaharingan |
| Otomi | Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi | Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Querétaro) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Ovambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo | Namibia (Ovamboland), Angola | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism | |
| Ovimbundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu | Angola | Christianity | |
| Palau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Palauan | Palau | Christianity, Modekngei | |
| Palawa | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Palawa kani, formerly Tasmanian languages | Australia (Tasmania) | Alcheringa | |
| Palembangese | Austronesian → Malayic →Palembang | Indonesia (South Sumatra) | ||
| Palula | Indo-European → Dardic → Palula | Pakistan (Chitral District) | ||
| Pamiris | Indo-European → Iranian → Pamir | Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China) | Shughni, Sarikoli (including Tajiks of Xinjiang), Yazghulami, Munji, Yidgha, Sanglechi, Ishkashimi | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism |
| Pangasinese | Austronesian → Philippine → Pangasinan | Pangasinan (Philippines) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Papel | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel | Biombo Region (Guinea-Bissau) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Paramaccan | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ndyuka | Pamacca (Suriname) | Winti | |
| Pare | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Pare Mountains (Tanzania) | Islam | |
| Parsis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujaratic → Gujarati | Indian subcontinent | India and Pakistan | Zoroastrianism |
| Pashayi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Pashayi | Afghanistan (Laghman, Kapisa and Nangarhar Provinces) | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Shi'ism → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism | |
| Pashtuns | Indo-European → Iranian → Pashto | Pashtunistan (Afghanistan, Pakistan) | Kakar, Ghilji (including Lodi (including Niazi, Hotak (including Babai), and Lohani (including Marwat))), Punjabi Pathans (including Malerkotla Pathans and Multani Pathans), Tareen, Bettani (including Shirani), Afridi, Bangash, Durrani, with significant populations in the United States, India, Sri Lanka, | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Sikhism |
| Pataxo | Maxakalian → Pataxo | Bahia (Brazil) | Shamanism | |
| Pedi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho–Tswana → Sepedi | Limpopo (South Africa) | Christianity | |
| Pende | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Christianity | |
| Pennsylvania Dutch | Indo-European → Germanic → German → Pennsylvania Dutch | Pennsylvania (United States) | Schwenkfelders, River Brethren (including Yorker Brethren), New York Dutch | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Persians | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian | Iran | Arab-Persians, along with significant populations in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Bahrain, Australia, and Sweden | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Islam → Sufism → Ni'matullāhī, Safaviyya, Zoroastrianism, Baha'i |
| Piapoco | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Piapoco | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela | Traditional religionChristianity → Catholicism | |
| Pitcairn Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creoles → Pitcairn-Norfolk → Pitkern | British Overseas Territories (Pitcairn Islands) | Significant population in Norfolk Island, along with a diaspora in Australia, and New Zealand | Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism |
| Pitjantjara | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Pitjantjara | Central Australia | Alcheringa | |
| Podlashuks | Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian or Belarusian → Podlachian | Poland (Podlachia) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Pohnpeian | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Pohnpeian | Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia) | Christianity | |
| Poles | Indo-European → Slavic → Polish | Poland | Podlachians, Masurians, Greater Polish, and Warmians, as well as Significant populations in the United States, Brazil, Germany, Canada, Iceland, Sweden, France, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Belarus, Russia, Australia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Ireland, and Norway | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Poleshuks | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian or Ukrainian → West Polesian | Polesia (Belarus, Poland, Russia, Ukraine) | ||
| Portuguese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Indo-European → Romance → Minderico, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese and Spanish → Barranquenho, SSLic → Portuguese Sign | Portugal | Alentejans, Algarveans, Azoreans, Barranquenhos, Beirões, Madeirans, Mindericos, Minhotos, Ribatejanos, Transmontanos, with significant populations in Africa (including Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, South Africa), Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Potawatomi | Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi | Canada (Ontario), United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin) | ||
| Potiguara | Tupian → Potiguara, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Brazil (Paraiba) | Shamanism | |
| Punjabis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Punjabi | Punjab (Pakistan, India) | Arain, Awan, Gujjars, Jat, Khatris, Punjabi Rajputs, Sikhs, along with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Sunni Islam → Ahmadiyya, Hinduism, Sikhism |
| Purépecha | Purépecha | Mexico (Michoacán) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Qashqai | Turkic → Oghuz → Qashqai | Iran (Fars Province) | Islam → Shia Islam | |
| Qiang | Sino-Tibetan → Qiangic | China (Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture) | Qiang folk religion | |
| Quechua | Quechuan | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina | Ayacucho, Cajamarca-Cañaris, Central, Chachapoyas, Cusco, Inga, Kichwa, Lamas, North Bolivian, Pacaraos, Puno, Santiagueño, South Bolivian | Christianity → Catholicism, Inca religion |
| Quileute | Chimakuan → Quileute | United States (Washington) | Native American religion | |
| Rabari | India (Kutch District) | Hinduism | ||
| Qulla | Quechuan → Southern Quechua | Argentina, Bolivia, Chile | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Rade | Austronesian → Chamic → Rade | Central Highlands, Vietnam | Christianity | |
| Raizal | Indo-European → Germanic → English → San Andres-Providencia Creole | Colombia (Archipelago of San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina) | Christianity | |
| Rajasthanis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rajasthani | India (Rajasthan) | Charan, Kachhi, Marwari, Meena, Rajputs (including Chandels, Mahyavanshi, and Molesalam) | Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism |
| Rajbongshi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kamtapuri | India (Assam, West Bengal), Bangladesh | Hinduism | |
| Rakhine | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese → Arakanese | Myanmar (Rakhine State) | Marma | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Ramkokamekrá | Macro-Jê → Jê → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region) | ||
| Ranquel | Araucanian → Mapudungun → Ranquel | Argentina (La Pampa Province) | ||
| Rapa Nui | Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa Nui | Chile (Easter Island) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Reisende | Norway | Christianity | ||
| Rejangese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Rejang | Indonesia (Rejang Lebong Regency) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Rendille | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Rendille | Kenya (Eastern Province) | Waaq | |
| Rhodesians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Zimbabwean English | Zimbabwe | significant populations in the United Kingdom | Christianity |
| Rohingyas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rohingya | Myanmar (Rakhine State) | Islam | |
| Roma | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Romani, Para-Romani, Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Boyash | Europe, Turkey, Cyprus | Kalderash, Iberian Calés (including Spanish Calés, Portuguese Calés, Brazilian Calés), Erromintxela, Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale, Romanichal (including Scottish Romanichal Travellers), Lowland Scottish Travellers, Sinti (including Manouches), Belaruska Roma, Litovska Roma, Lotfitka Roma, Ruska Roma, Gurbeti, Xoraxane Roma (including Turkish Roma, Zargari, and Arlije), Romanisæl, Bergitka Roma, Polska Roma, Cascarots, Ursari, Romanlar (including Turkish Roma, Sepetçi, Ayjides, Yerli, and Çerge), Wallachian Roma, Servitka Roma, Lovari, Boyash, along with significant populations in Albania, Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Uruguay | Christianity, Hinduism |
| Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Romanian | Romania, Moldova | Wallachians (including Oltenians and Muntenians), Moldavians, along with significant populations in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Romans | Indo-European → Romance → Latin | historically Italy (Rome) | Roman paganism, Roman imperial cult, Greco-Roman mysteries, Christianity → Nicene Christianity | |
| Romansh | Indo-European → Romance → Romansh | Switzerland (Grisons) | Christianity | |
| Rotenese | Austronesian → Timoric → Rotenese | Indonesia (Rote Island) | Dela, Oenale | Christianity |
| Russians | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian, Francosign → Russian Sign | Russia | Cossacks, Pomors, Lipovans, Subbotniks, Molokans (including Subbotnik Molokans) along with significant populations in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, China (including Hong Kong), Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, the United States, Uzbekistan | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Rusyns | Indo-European → Slavic → Rusyn | Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland), Pannonian Plain (Croatia, Serbia) | Pannonian Rusyns, Lemkos, Hutsuls, Boykos | Christianity |
| Ryukyuans | Japonic → Ryukyuan, Koniya Sign | Japan (Ryukyu Islands) | Amami (including Kikai, Amami Ōshima (including Setouchi), Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu, and Yoron), Okinawans (including Kunigami) Miyakoans, Tarama, Yaeyama, Yonaguni, with significant populations in Bolivia, Brazil, and the United States (including Hawaii) | Ryukyuan religion |
| Saho | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Saho | Eritrea, Ethiopia | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Sahrawis | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic | Western Sahara | Reguibat, Oulad Delim, Oulad Tidrarin, Laaroussien, Tekna | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Saint Helenians | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Saint Helena | Christianity → Anglicanism | |
| Saint Thomas Christians | Dravidian → Malayalam | Kerala (India) | Knanayas | Christianity → Saint Thomas Christianity |
| Sakizaya | Austronesian → East Formosan → Sakizaya | Hualien County (Taiwan) | Animism, Christianity | |
| Salar | Turkic → Oghuz → Salar | China (Qinghai, Gansu) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Sama-Bajau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw | Maritime Southeast Asia (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei) | Sama (including Banguingui), Bajaw, Abaknon | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Samaná Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samaná English | Samaná Province (Dominican Republic) | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism | |
| Samaritans | Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew, Afroasiatic → Arabic → South Levantine Arabic → Palestinian Arabic, formerly Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Samaritan Hebrew, Afroasiatic → Aramaic → Samaritan Aramaic | Israel | Samaritanism | |
| Sambal | Austronesian → Philippine → Sambalic | Philippines (Zambales) | Bolinao, Botolan (including Banguingui) | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sámi | Uralic → Sámi | Sápmi (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia) | Inari Sámi, Kildin Sami, Lule Sami, Northern Sami, Pite Sami, Skolt Sami, Southern Sámi, Ter Sami, Ume Sámi | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Samoans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Samoan | Samoan Islands (Samoa, American Samoa) | American Samoans | Christianity |
| Sandawe | Sandawe | Tanzania (Chemba District) | Traditional African Religion, Islam | |
| Sangirese | Austronesian → Philippine → Sangirese | Indonesia (Sangihe Islands) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Santal | Austroasiatic → Munda → Santali | India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Sara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara | Chad, Central African Republic | Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay | Traditional African religions |
| Saramaka | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname | Winti, Christianity → Moravian Church | |
| Sardinians | Indo-European → Romance → Sardinian, Indo-European → Romance → Sassarese, Indo-European → Romance → Gallurese | Italy (Sardinia) | Logudorese, Campidanese, Sassarese, Gallurese | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sasak | Austronesian → Sasak | Indonesia (Lombok) | Islam | |
| Saurashtras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saurashtra | India (South India) | Hinduism → Vaishnavism, Hinduism → Shaivism | |
| Savu | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba → Hawu | India (Savu) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Scots | Indo-European → Germanic → Scots, Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Ulster Scots, Orcadians, Shetlanders, Highlanders, Lowlanders, along with significant populations in the United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), Canada (including Scotch-Irish Canadians), Australia, Argentina, Russia, and the Bahamas | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism |
| Seminoles | Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole | United States (Oklahoma, Florida), Mexico (Coahuila) | Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Florida Seminoles, | |
| Semnanis | Indo-European → Iranian → Western Iranian → Semnani | Iran (Semnan) | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism | |
| Seneca | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma) | ||
| Sentinelese | Sentinelese | India (North Sentinel Island) | ||
| Senufo | Niger–Congo → Senufo | Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso | Nafana, Minyanka | Traditional African religions |
| Serbs | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Serbian | Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska), Montenegro | Kosovo Serbs, Triestine Serbs, Serb Muslims, along with significant populations in Croatia, Germany, Austria, France, and Sweden | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Serer | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Serer | Senegal | Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi | Islam, Serer religion |
| Seychellois Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Seychellois Creole | Seychelles | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Shan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Shan | Myanmar (Shan State) | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism | |
| Sharchops | Sino-Tibetan → Tshangla | Bhutan (Lhuntse, Mongar, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Trashigang, and Trashiyangtse Districts) | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon | |
| Shawnee | Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee | United States (Oklahoma, Ohio) | United Remnant Band, Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe | |
| Sherbro | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Mel → Sherbro | Sierra Leone (Sherbro Island) | Traditional African religions | |
| Shilluk | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Shilluk | South Sudan | Gule | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Shina | Indo-European → Dardic → Shina, Indo-European → Dardic → Kohistani Shina | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan) | Kohistani Shina | Islam |
| Shirazi | Niger-Congo → Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Tanzania (Swahili Coast), Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros | Zanzibaris, Comorians and Maore | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Shiriana | Arawakan → Shiriana, Arutani language | Brazil (Amazonas, Amazon rainforest), Venezuela (Amazon rainforest) | Auaké | |
| Shompen | Shompen | India (Great Nicobar Island) | Animism | |
| Shona | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe (Mashonaland) | Manyika, Ndau | Christianity |
| Shopi | Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian | Shopluk (Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia) | ||
| Shors | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Shor | Russia (Kemerovo Oblast) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Shor Shamanism | |
| Shoshone | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni | Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States) | Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute | Native American Church, Christianity |
| Sibe | Tungusic → Xibe | China (Liaoning, Jilin, Xinjiang) | Shamanism | |
| Siberian Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Siberian Tatar | Russia (Western Siberia) | Baraba Tatars, Chats, Eushta Tatars, Kalmak Tatars, Zabolotnie Tatars | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Siberian Yupik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik, Eskaleut → Eskimo → Naukan | Russia (Chukchi Peninsula), United States (St. Lawrence Island) | Naukan | Shamanism |
| Sicilians | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian, formerly Afroasiatic → Arabic → Siculo-Arabic | Italy (Sicily) | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sidama | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama | Ethiopia (Sidamia) | Christianity | |
| Siddi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → Sidi | Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sindh), India (Karnataka, Gujarat, Hyderabad) | Islam | |
| Sierra Leone Creoles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pichinglis | Sierra Leone | Gambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity |
| Sika | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Sika | Indonesia (Sikka Regency) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Silesians | Indo-European → Slavic → Silesian, Indo-European → Germanic → High German → Silesian German | Silesia (Poland, Germany, Czech Republic) | Significant populations in the United States (including Texas) | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Siltʼe | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → Siltʼe | Ethiopia (Siltia) | Islam | |
| Sindhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sindhi | Pakistan (Sindh) | Jat, Memon, Arain, Indian Sindhis | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Hinduism |
| Sinhalese | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka | Dewa, British Sri Lankans, Burghers (including Portuguese Burghers and Dutch Burghers) | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Siona | Tucanoan → Western Tucanoan → Siona | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo) | Animism | |
| Sioux | Siouan → Western Siouan → Sioux | United States (Lakotah) | Lakota (including Brulé, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, Two Kettles, and Sihasapa) and Dakota (including Mdewakanton) | Native American religion |
| Sirenik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik, formerly Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik | Russia (Sireniki) | ||
| Slovaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak | Slovakia | significant populations in Czech Republic, Serbia, Hungary, United States and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Slovenes | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene | Slovenia | Significant populations in the United States, Canada, Australia, Carinthia, Hungary, Uruguay, Venezuela, Argentina, Croatia, and Italy | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Soga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Soga | Busoga (Uganda) | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Somalis | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Somali | Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya) | Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i |
| Songhai | Nilo-Saharan → Songhai | Mali, Niger | Zarma | Islam |
| Soninke | Niger–Congo → Mande → Soninke | Mali | Haratin | Islam → Sunni Islam → Maliki |
| Sonsorolese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Sonsorolese | Sonsorol | Christianity | |
| Soqotris | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Soqotri | Socotra (Yemen) | Islam | |
| Sorbs | Indo-European → Slavic → Sorbian | Lusatia (Germany), (Poland) | Upper Sorbs, Lower Sorbs | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sotho | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho–Tswana → Sotho | Free State (South Africa), Lesotho | Christianity | |
| Soyots | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Soyot-Tsaatan → Soyot | Russia (Okinsky District) | Shamanism | |
| Spaniards | Indo-European → Romance → Castilian, Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese and Spanish → Barranquenho, Spanish Sign | Spain | Castilians, Leonese, Cantabrians, Riojans, Manchegans, Madrilenians, Extremadurans, Murcians, Mirandese, Criollos, Mercheros, Barranquenhos, along with numerous colonial descendants such as Floridanos, Hispanos (including Californios, Tejanos, and Neomexicanos), Mexicans (including Chicanos), Guatemalans (including Hispanic Belizeans), Salvadorans, Hondurans, Nicaraguans, Costa Ricans, Panamanians, Colombians, Venezuelans, Ecuadorians, Peruvians, Bolivians, Paraguayans, Chileans, Argentines, Uruguayans, Cubans, Dominicans, Puerto Ricans (including Nuyoricans), Fernandinos, Spanish Filipinos, Spanish Hawaiians, and Hispanic and Latino Americans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Sri Lankan Chetties | Dravidian → Tamil–Kannada → Tamil, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism | |
| Sri Lanka Kaffirs | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese Creole → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole | Christianity → Catholicism, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism | ||
| Sri Lankan Moors | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Tamil | Sri Lanka | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Sui | Kra–Dai → Kam–Sui → Sui | Sandu Shui Autonomous County (China) | Animism | |
| Sukuma | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sukuma | Tanzania | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Sumba | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba | Sumba (Indonesia) | Anakalangu, East Sumbanese, Kodi, Lamboya, West Sumbanese, Mamboru, Wanukaka | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Sumbawa | Austronesian → Sumbawa | Sumbawa (Indonesia) | Islam | |
| Sundanese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Sundanese-Baduy | Java (Indonesia) | Bantenese, Baduy, Cirebonese | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Surma | Nilo-Saharan → Surmic | Ethiopia, South Sudan | Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo | Traditional African religions |
| Susu | Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu | Guinea, Kambia (Sierra Leone) | Islam | |
| Swahili | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros) | Shirazi (including Zanzibaris, Comorians and Maore) | Islam |
| Swazi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Swazi | Mpumalanga (South Africa), Eswatini | Christianity → African Zionism | |
| Swedes | Indo-European → Germanic → Swedish, Indo-European → Germanic → Dalecarlian, Indo-European → Germanic → East Danish → Scanian, Indo-European → Germanic → Gutnish, Indo-European → Germanic → Norrlandic, Indo-European → Germanic → Jamtska, SSLic → Swedish Sign | Sweden | Scanians, Jamtish, Gutnish, Dalecarlians, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Estonia, Argentina, and the United Kingdom | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism |
| Sylhetis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sylheti | Bangladesh (Sylhet Division), India (Barak Valley) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Tagalogs | Austronesian → Philippine → Tagalog | Philippines | Filipino Americans | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Tahitians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitian | France (Tahiti) | Christianity | |
| Tahtacı | Turkey (Aegean Region, Mediterranean Region) | Islam and Shamanism → Shia Islam and Shamanism → Alevism and Shamanism | ||
| Taino | Arawakan → Taino | Greater Antilles | Native American religion | |
| Tajiks | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Tajik, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Russian Sign → Tajik Sign | Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | Chagatai, Kharduri | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Talysh | Indo-European → Iranian → Talysh | Azerbaijan, Iran | Islam → Shia Islam | |
| Tama | Nilo-Saharan → Tama | Chad, Sudan | Islam | |
| Tamangs | Sino-Tibetan → Tamang | Nepal, India (Sikkim) | Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, Lama | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Tamils | Dravidian → Tamil–Kannada → Tamil, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Malay Chetty | India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka (Northern and Eastern Provinces) | Indian Tamils (including Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka), Sri Lankan Tamils (including Negombo Tamils), Chitty, along with significant populations in Malaysia, South Africa, the United States, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France (including Malbars) | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism |
| Tampuans | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Tampuan | Cambodia (Ratanakiri) | Animism | |
| Tao | Malayo-Polynesian → Philippine → Batanic →Yami-Itbayat | Taiwan (Orchid Island) | Christianity, Anitism | |
| Tarok | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok | Nigeria (Plateau State) | Christianity | |
| Tausūg | Austronesian → Philippine → Bisayan → Tausug | Philippines (Sulu Archipelago) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Tboli | Austronesian → Philippine → Tboli | Philippines (South Cotabato) | Anitism | |
| Tehuelche | Araucanian → Mapudungun, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | |||
| Teke | Niger-Congo → Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Teke | Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo | ||
| Telengits | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → Telengit | Russia (Altai Republic) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism, Burkhanism | |
| Telugu | Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana) | Kamma, Reddy, Velama, Kapu, Raju, Madiga, Mala | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity |
| Temne | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Temne | Sierra Leone (Northern Sierra Leone) | Islam | |
| Terena | Arawakan → Terena, Brazilian Sign, Terena Sign | Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) | Shamanism | |
| Thais | Kra–Dai → Tai → Thai | Thailand | Southern Thai, Khorat, Lanna, Tai Lue, Thai Americans | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism |
| Tharus | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Tharu | Terai Region (India, Nepal) | Kathariya, Danuwar, Lampucchwa, Kochila, Sonha, Dangaura, Rana | Hinduism, Buddhism |
| Tibetans | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic, Tibetan Sign | Tibet (China), Nepal, Bhutan | Amdolese (including Golok and Tebbu), Khams, Ü-Tsang (including Ngari and Walung), Changpa, Baima, Kachee | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon |
| Ticuna | Ticuna-Yuri → Ticuna | Amazonas (Brazil) | Shamanism | |
| Tigrayans | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya | Eritrean Highlands (Eritrea), Tigrayia (Ethiopia) | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy | |
| Tigre | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Tigre | Eritrea | Islam | |
| Tiv | Niger–Congo → Tiv | Benue State (Nigeria) | Christianity | |
| Tiwa | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Tiwa | India (Assam, Meghalaya) | Hinduism | |
| Tiwi | Tiwi | Tiwi Islands (Australia) | Alcheringa | |
| Tlapanec | Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec | Guerrero (Mexico) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Tlingit | Na-Dene → Tlingit | British Columbia, Yukon Territory (Canada), Alaska, Washington (United States) | Alaska Native religion | |
| Tokelauans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Tokelauan | Tokelau | Christianity → Congregationalism | |
| Tongans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tongan | Tonga | Tongan Hawaiians | Christianity |
| Toraja | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Toraja | Tana Toraja (Indonesia) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Toro | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tooro | Tooro Kingdom, Uganda | Christianity, Ruhanga | |
| Torres Strait Islanders | Pama-Nyungan → Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Eastern Trans-Fly → Meriam, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Torres Strait Creole | Torres Strait Islands (Australia) | ||
| Toubou | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu | Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya) | Daza, Teda | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Toucouleur | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Fula → Pulaar | Futa Tooro (Senegal) | Islam | |
| Trawara | Indo-European → Dardic → Mankiyali | Danna, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) | ||
| Tripuri | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Kokborok | Tripura (India) | Jamatia, Murasing | Hinduism |
| Tsez | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Tsez | Tsuntinsky District (Russia) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Tsimshian | Tsimshianic → Tsimshian | British Columbia (Canada), Alaska (United States) | Alaskan Native religion | |
| Tsonga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga | Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Tswana | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana | Botswana, South Tswanaland (South Africa) | Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, Rolong | Christianity |
| Tuamotuans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Tuamotuan | France (Tuamotus) | Christianity | |
| Tujia | Sino-Tibetan → Tujia | Wuling Mountains (China) | Nuo folk religion | |
| Tuluvas | Tulu | Karnataka (India) | Hinduism | |
| Tupuri | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri | Far North Region (Cameroon), Mayo-Kébbi (Chad) | Christianity | |
| Turkana | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana | Kenya (Turkanaland) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Turkmens | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen | Turkmenistan, Iran (Turkmen Sahra), Afghanistan | Teke, Yomut, Bayandur, Afshar, Ersari, Chowdur, Saryk, Iranian Turkmens, Afghan Turkmens, with significant populations in Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Turkish Sign | Turkey, Northern Cyprus | Turkish Cypriots, Meskhetian Turks, Yörüks, along with significant populations in Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Sweden, the United States, Syria, Palestine, and Iraq | Islam → Sunni Islam, Alevism |
| Tuscarora | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, North Carolina) | ||
| Tutsi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu) | Banyamulenge | Christianity, Islam |
| Tuvaluans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Tuvaluan | Tuvalu | Christianity | |
| Tuvans | Turkic → Siberian → Tuvan, Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Dukhan | Russia (Tuva), Mongolia (Khövsgöl Province) | Tozhu Tuvans (including Dukha) | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism |
| Udis | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Udi | Azerbaijan | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy | |
| Udmurts | Uralic → Permic → Udmurt | Russia (Udmurtia) | Besermyan | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Ukrainians | Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Ukrainian Sign | Ukraine | Cossacks, Litvins, Pinchuks along with significant populations in the United States, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Germany, Canada, Italy, Argentina, the Czech Republic, and Romania | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism → Ukrainian Greek Catholicism |
| Ulchi | Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Ulch | Russia (Ulchsky District) | ||
| Ulster Protestants | Indo-European → Germanic → Scots, Indo-European → Germanic → English | Ulster (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Umatilla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla | United States (Oregon) | Native American religion | |
| Urhobos | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Urhobo | Nigeria (Delta State) | Christianity | |
| Ute | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute | United States (Colorado, Utah) | Native American Church, Christianity | |
| Uyghurs | Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur, Turkic → Karluk → Tor Uyghur | China (Uyghuristan) | Kashgartsy and Tor Uyghurs, with significant populations in Kazakhstan | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Uzbeks | Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek | Uzbekistan | Significant populations in Russia, Pakistan, Canada, the United States, and Turkey | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Vaqueiros de alzada | Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese | Spain (Asturias, Province of León) | Christianity and traditional folk religion → Roman Catholicism and traditional folk religion → Vaqueiro religion | |
| Vedda | Sinhala creoles → Vedda language | Sri Lanka | Coast Veddas, Anuradhapura Veddas, Bintenne Veddas | Animism |
| Venda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda | South Africa (Vendaland) | Christianity, Traditional African religions | |
| Vepsians | Uralic → Finnic → Veps | Russia (Former Veps National Volost) | ||
| Vietnamese | Austroasiatic → Vietic → Vietnamese | Vietnam | Muong, Gin, Phen, Chứt, Thổ, Nùng, Giáy, along with significant populations in the United States, Cambodia, France, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, and Laos | Buddhism → Mahayana, Vietnamese folk religion, Caodaism, Hoa Hao |
| Vilamovians | Indo-European → Germanic → Wymysorys | Poland (Wilamowice) | ||
| Visayans | Austronesian → Philippine → Visayan | Philippines (Visayas) | Aklanon, Butuanon, Cebuano (including Boholano and Eskaya), Caluyanon, Capiznon, Cuyunon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Masbateños, Negrenses, Porohanon, Romblomanon (including Bantoanons), Waray | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Visigoths | Indo-European → Germanic → Gothic | formerly Iberia, Gaul | Christianity → Arianism | |
| Volga Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar | Russia (Tatarstan) | Astrakhan Tatars, Kryashens, Nagaybaks | Islam → Sunni Islam |
| Votians | Uralic → Finnic → Votic | Russia (Ingria) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism | |
| Wa | Austroasiatic → Palaungic → Wa | Myanmar (Wa State) | Buddhism, Animism | |
| Wakhi | Indo-European → Iranian → Wakhi | Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, China | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism | |
| Walla Walla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla | United States (Oregon, Washington) | Waashat Religion | |
| Walloons | Indo-European → Romance → Walloon, Francosign → Belgian Sign → French Belgian Sign | Belgium (Wallonia) | Significant populations in the United States (including Wisconsin) and the Netherlands | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Waropen | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Waropen | Indonesia (Waropen Regency) | Christianity | |
| Wassamasaw | United States (Berkeley County, South Carolina) | |||
| Waxiang | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Waxiang Chinese | China (Hunan) | Chinese folk religion | |
| Wayuu | Arawakan → Wayuunaiki | Colombia (La Guajira), Venezuela | Ethnic religion, Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Welayta | Afro-Asiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta | Ethiopia (Wolayitia) | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay | |
| Welsh | Indo-European → Celtic → Welsh, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Wales) | Significant populations in Argentina, the United States, Canada, and Australia. | Christianity → Protestantism |
| Wolane | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Wolane | Ethiopia (Gurage) | ||
| Wolof | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof | Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia) | Lebu | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Mouride |
| Wuikinuxv | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk-Oowekyala → Oowekyala | Canada (British Columbia) | Native American religion | |
| Xavante | Macro-Jê → Jê → Xavante | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | Shamanism | |
| Xerente | Macro-Jê → Jê → Xerénte | Brazil (Tocantins) | ||
| Xhosa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa | South Africa (Xhosaland) | Christianity | |
| Xokleng | Macro-Jê → Jê → Xokleng | Brazil (Santa Catarina) | ||
| Yaghnobis | Indo-European → Iranian → Yaghnobi, Indo-European → Iranian → Tajik | Tajikistan (Sughd Region) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Yahgan | Yahgan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile) | Christianity → Protestantism | |
| Yakan | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw → Yakan | Philippines (Basilan) | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Yakö | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yakö | Nigeria (Yakurr Local Government) | Christianity | |
| Yakuts | Turkic → Siberian → Yakut | Russia (Yakutia) | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy | |
| Yali | Trans-New Guinea → Yali | Indonesia (Baliem Valley) | Christianity, Animism | |
| Yanomami | Yanomaman | Southeastern Venezuela, and northern Brazil | Shamanism | |
| Yao | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions) | Islam and Animism → Yao Folk Islam | |
| Yapese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Yapese | Federated States of Micronesia (Yap) | Christianity | |
| Yenish | Indo-European → Germanic → Yenish | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France | ||
| Yi | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish | China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi) | Phù Lá, Azha | Bimoism |
| Yoa-Lokpa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Oti–Volta → Yom, Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi → Lukpa | Benin (Donga Department) | ||
| Yoruba | Niger–Congo → Yoruba, Yoruba Sign | Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo) | Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and Canada | Islam, Christianity, Yoruba religion |
| Yuchi | Yuchi language | United States (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina) | ||
| Yugambeh | Pama-Nyungan → Bandjalangic → Yugambeh | Australia (Queensland) | Alcheringa | |
| Yugoslavs | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian, Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian, Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene | Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, North Macedonia, Croatia | Significant populations in Serbia, Canada, and the United States | |
| Yukaghir | Yukaghir languages | Russia (Yakutia) | Shamanism | |
| Yup'ik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik | United States (Alaska) | Nunivak Cup'ig, Chevak Cup'ik | Christianity, Shamanism |
| Zaghawa | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa | Chad, Sudan | Islam → Sunni Islam | |
| Zamboangueños | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chavacano | Philippines (Zamboanga City) | Christianity → Catholicism | |
| Zande | Niger–Congo → Zande | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan | Barambu | Christianity |
| Zapotecs | Oto-Manguean → Zapotec | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Ixtlán | Christianity → Catholicism |
| Zhuang | Kra–Dai → Tai → Zhuang | ChinaZhuangia) | Moism | |
| Zomi | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga, Sino-Tibetan → Mruic | Zogam (Myanmar, Bangladesh, India) | Thadou (including Telngoh), Paite, Zou, Kom, Koireng, Mizo (including Khiangte, Hmar (including Saihriem and Zote), Renthlei, Chawngthu, Miu-Khumi, and Ralte), Aimol, Sukte, Bawm, Lai, Biate, Chin (including Asho, Mro-Khimi, Mru (including Anok, Tshüngma, Dömrong, Dopteng, and Rümma), Anu, Chho, Cumtu Chin, and Hkongso (including Kasang, Htey, Kamu, Ngan, Gwa, Hteikloeh, Ngai, Rahnam, Kapu, Kasah, Namte, Krawktu, and Namluek)), Kuki (including Vaiphei, Khelma, Halam (including Korbong), Mate, and Simte) Gangte, and Bnei Menashe | Christianity |
| Zonians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | Panama (Panama Canal Zone) | Christianity | |
| Zulu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) | Northern Ndebele | Christianity |
| Zuni | Zuni language | United States (New Mexico) | Catholicism, Native American Church |
Listas de grupos étnicos
- por status:
- Lista de povos indígenas
- Lista de diasporas
- Lista de nações sem estado
- listas regionais:
- Grupos étnicos na Ásia
- Grupos étnicos no Norte da Ásia
- Lista de grupos étnicos na Rússia
- Lista de grupos étnicos na Ásia Oriental
- Lista de grupos étnicos na China
- Lista de grupos étnicos no Japão
- Lista de grupos étnicos na Coreia do Norte
- Lista de grupos étnicos na Coreia do Sul
- Lista de grupos étnicos em Taiwan
- Lista de povos indígenas de Taiwan
- Grupos étnicos no Norte da Ásia
- Grupos étnicos da Ásia do Sul
- Grupos étnicos no Nepal
- Grupos étnicos no Paquistão
- Demografia de Sindh
- Lista de grupos étnicos em Laos
- Grupos étnicos na Malásia
- Lista de grupos étnicos no Vietnã
- Lista de grupos étnicos na Birmânia
- Grupos étnicos no Oriente Médio
- Povo africano
- Povo indígena da África
- Grupos étnicos no Chade
- Lista de grupos étnicos no Estado dos Rios
- Lista de grupos étnicos na Tanzânia
- Os povos europeus
- Classificação dos povos indígenas das Américas
- Lista de nomes de grupos indígenas australianos
- Grupo etno-religioso
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