Lista de exploradores
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A seguir está uma lista de exploradores. Seus nomes comuns, países de origem (modernos e antigos), séculos em que atuaram e principais áreas de exploração estão listados abaixo.
Lista
Name | Modern (and former) nationality | Centuries | Main areas explored |
---|---|---|---|
Antonio de Abreu | Portuguese | 16th | Indonesia |
Thomas Wyndham | English | 16th | West Africa |
Sir Richard Guildford | English | 16th | Mediterranean Sea |
William Adams | English | 17th | Japan |
Diogo Afonso | Portuguese | 15th | Northwest African coast |
Estevanico | Moroccan | 16th | North America |
Crispin Agnew | Scottish | 20th | Greenland, Elephant Island, Northern Patagonian Icefield, Himalayas |
Charles Albanel | French | 17th | Canada (interior) |
Afonso de Albuquerque | Portuguese | 16th | Asia |
Buzz Aldrin | American | 20th | The Moon |
Pêro de Alenquer | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Indian Ocean |
Alexander the Great | Greek (Macedonian) | 4th BC | Indus River, Hindu Kush |
Jean Alfonse (João Afonso) | Portuguese-French | 15th/16th | Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, possibly Australia; Brazil, North America |
Benedict Allen | English | 20th/21st | various |
Diego de Almagro | Spanish | 16th | Peru, Chile |
László Almásy | Hungarian | 19th/20th | Africa |
Francisco de Almeida | Portuguese | 16th | India |
Lourenço de Almeida | Portuguese | 16th | Sri Lanka, India |
Pedro de Alvarado | Spanish | 16th | Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras |
Francisco Álvares | Portuguese | 16th | Ethiopia |
Gonçalo Álvares | Portuguese | 15th | Gough Island, Namibia |
Jorge Álvares | Portuguese | 16th | China |
Roald Amundsen | Norwegian | 20th | South Pole, Antarctica, Northwest Passage |
José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta | Portuguese | 19th | Gough Island |
Charles John Andersson | Swedish | 19th | Southern Africa |
António de Andrade | Portuguese | 16th/17th | India, Tibet |
Fernão Pires de Andrade | Portuguese | 16th | Ming China |
Salomon August Andrée | Swedish | 19th | Arctic |
Roy Chapman Andrews | American | 20th | China, Mongolia |
Juan Bautista de Anza | Spanish | 18th | California |
Moncacht-Apé | Yazoo | 17th/18th | North America |
Dominick Arduin | French | 20th/21st | North Pole |
Henryk Arctowski | Polish | 20th | Antarctic, South America |
Neil Armstrong | American | 20th | The Moon |
Ingólfur Arnarson | Norse | 9th | Iceland |
Vladimir Arsenyev | Russian | 20th | Far East |
Michael Asher | English | 20th | Africa |
Pêro de Ataíde | Portuguese | 16th/17th | Indian Ocean |
Vasco de Ataíde | Portuguese | 16th/17th | India, Tibet |
Vladimir Atlasov | Siberian Cossack | 17th | Kamchatka Peninsula |
François Xavier Aubry | French Canadian | 19th | American Southwest |
Väinö Auer | Finnish | 20th | Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia |
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés | Spanish | 16th | Florida |
Juan de Ayala | Spanish | 18th | California |
Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón | Spanish | 16th | South Carolina |
Diogo de Azambuja | Portuguese | 15th | West African coast |
George Back | English | 19th | Canada (Arctic) |
William Baffin | English | 17th | Northwest Passage, Canada (Arctic) |
Abu Bakr II | Mali Empire | 14th | Atlantic Ocean, trans-Atlantic (allegedly) |
Samuel Baker | English | 19th | Africa |
Vasco Núñez de Balboa | Spanish | 16th | Panama, 'discovered' the Pacific Ocean |
Robert Ballard | American | 20th | deep sea wrecks, Titanic |
Ann Bancroft | American | 20th/21st | Arctic, Antarctic |
Joseph Banks | English | 18th | Newfoundland and Labrador, South Pacific |
Hong Bao | Chinese | 15th | South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, East African coast |
Giosafat Barbaro | Italian | 15th | Black Sea, Near East |
Duarte Barbosa | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Indian Ocean, 1st circumnavigation |
Pêro de Barcelos | Portuguese | 15th/16th | North America |
Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia | Portuguese | 15th | Western Sahara |
Jeanne Baré | French | 18th/19th | Pacific Ocean |
Willem Barentsz | Dutch | 16th | Northeast Passage, Novaya Zemlya, Svalbard |
Heinrich Barth | German | 19th | Central and northern Africa |
Robert Bartlett | Newfoundlander | 20th | Arctic |
William Bartram | American | 18th | Southern United States |
George Bass | English | 18th | Australia, Tasmania |
Henry Walter Bates | English | 19th | Amazon basin |
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta | Marinid | 14th | Africa, Central Asia, China, Europe, Indian subcontinent, Middle East, Russia, Southeast Asia |
Nicolas Baudin | French | 18th | Australia |
James Beckwourth | American | 19th | Sierra Nevada |
William Beebe | American | 20th | deep sea |
Pyotr Beketov | Russian | 17th | Siberia |
Gertrude Bell | English | 19th/20th | Greater Syria Mesopotamia Asia Minor Arabia |
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen | Baltic German | 19th | Antarctica |
Joseph René Bellot | French | 19th | Arctic |
Móric Benyovszky | Hungarian | 18th | northern Pacific Ocean |
Vitus Bering | Danish | 18th | Northern Pacific Ocean, Bering Strait, Alaska (North America) |
Jean de Béthencourt | French | 15th | Canary Islands |
Hiram Bingham III | American | 20th | Machu Picchu, Peru |
Laura Bingham | English | 20th/21st | South America |
Isabella Bird | English | 19th/20th | North America, Hawaii, Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, India, Persia, Kurdistan, Turkey, Morocco |
John Blashford-Snell | English | 20th/21st | various |
Adriaen Block | Dutch | 17th | East Coast of the United States |
Nellie Bly | American | 19th/20th | trip around the world in 72 days |
Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Benjamin Bonneville | American | 19th | Oregon Country, Great Basin |
Daniel Boone | American | 18th | Kentucky, Appalachian Mountains |
Vittorio Bottego | Italian | 19th | Somalia |
Adam Brand | German | 17th | Russia, China |
Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza | Italian-French | 19th | Congo |
Saint Brendan | Irish | 6th | Atlantic Ocean, Iceland |
Jim Bridger | American | 19th | Western United States |
James Bruce | Scottish | 18th | Algeria, the Middle East, Egypt |
William S. Bruce | Scottish | 20th | Antarctica |
Jørgen Brønlund | Greenlandic | 20th | Greenland |
Étienne Brûlé | French | 17th | Canada (interior) |
Bungaree | Aboriginal Australian | 18th/19th | Australian coasts |
Lafayette Bunnell | American | 19th | Yosemite Valley |
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt | Swiss | 19th | Middle East, Sudan |
Robert O'Hara Burke | Irish | 19th | Australia |
Frederick Russell Burnham | American | 19th/20th | Africa, Mexico |
Richard Francis Burton | English | 19th | East Africa |
Thomas Button | Welsh | 17th | Northwest Passage |
José de Bustamante y Guerra | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Ocean |
Richard E. Byrd | American | 20th | North Pole, Antarctica |
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca | Spanish | 16th | Southwestern United States, Mexico, Argentina |
John Cabot | Italian | 15th | North American mainland (Canada) |
Sebastian Cabot | Italian | 15th | Northwest Passage (Canada), Río de la Plata, Paraná River (South America) |
João Cabral | Portuguese | 16th | Bhutan & Nepal |
Pedro Álvares Cabral | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Brazil, Madagascar |
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo | Portuguese or Spanish | 16th | California |
Estêvão Cacella | Portuguese | 16th | Himalayas |
Alvise Cadamosto | Italian | 15th | Cape Verde islands |
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac | French | 18th | North America |
René Caillié | French | 19th | North Africa |
Álvaro Caminha | Portuguese | 15th | São Tomé and Príncipe islands |
Pêro Vaz de Caminha | Portuguese | 15th | Brazil |
Alberto del Canto | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Northwestern Mexico |
Diogo Cão | Portuguese | 15th | west coast of Africa (including the Congo River) |
Hermenegildo de Brito Capelo | Portuguese | 19th | African continent |
John Carpini | Italian | 13th | Central Asia, Mongolia |
Juan Carrasco | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Kit Carson | American | 19th | Rocky Mountains, California, Oregon, Great Basin |
Jan Carstensz | Dutch | 17th | New Guinea coast, Gulf of Carpentaria |
Jacques Cartier | French | 16th | St. Lawrence River |
João de Castro | Portuguese | 15th | India, Arabian Peninsula & Red Sea |
René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle | French | 17th | Mississippi embayment |
Thomas Cavendish | English | 16th | Virginia, Pacific coast of Central and South America |
Merieme Chadid | Moroccan, French | 20th/21st | Antarctica, South America, Asia, Astronomer |
Paul Du Chaillu | French | 19th | Africa |
Harriet Chalmers Adams | American | 19th/20th | South America, Asia, South Pacific |
Samuel de Champlain | French | 16th/17th | Quebec, Great Lakes |
Chang Chun | Chinese | 13th | Central Asia, Mongolia |
Jean Chardin | French | 17th | Persia, India |
Semion Chelyuskin | Russian | 18th | Great Northern Expedition |
Vasily Chichagov | Russian | 18th | Northern Sea Route |
Aleksei Chirikov | Russian | 18th | Great Northern Expedition |
Fletcher Christian | English | 18th | Polynesia |
Boris Chukhnovsky | Russian | 20th | Arctic |
Hugh Clapperton | Scottish | 19th | west and Central Africa |
William Clark | American | 19th | Western United States |
Gonçalo Coelho | Portuguese | 15th/16th | South American coast |
Nicolau Coelho | Portuguese | 15th | Brazil |
Frank Cole | Canadian | 20th | Sahara |
Bartholomew Columbus | Italian (Genoese) | 15th/16th | Hispaniola, The Antilles |
Christopher Columbus | Italian (Genoese) |
15th/16th |
Bahamas, Caribbean, Central America, South America (Colombia and Venezuela) |
Diego Columbus | Portuguese | 16th | Hispaniola (Mainly Dominican Republic) |
George Comer | American | 19th/20th | Arctic |
Niccolò Da Conti | Italian (Venetian) |
15th |
India, Southeast Asia |
Frederick Cook | American | 19th/20th | Arctic |
James Cook | English | 18th | Australasia, Oceania |
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado | Spanish | 16th | New Mexico |
Diogo Álvares Correia | Portuguese | 16th | Brazil |
Gaspar Côrte-Real | Portuguese | 16th | Newfoundland, Greenland |
João Côrte-Real | Portuguese | 15th | Azores, Newfoundland (Possible exploration of North America in 1473) |
Miguel Côrte-Real | Portuguese | 16th | Greenland, Newfoundland, Massachusetts |
Hernán Cortés | Spanish | 16th | Mexico |
Juan de la Cosa | Spanish | 15th/16th | Caribbean, South America |
Thomas Coulter | Irish | 19th | Mexico, Alta California |
Jean Cousin | French | 15th | Possibly the Americas around 1488. Possibly mouth of the Amazon River |
Jacques-Yves Cousteau | French | 20th | the deep sea |
Pêro da Covilhã | Portuguese | 15th/16th | India, Ethiopia |
Tom Crean | Irish | 20th | Antarctica |
Andrew Croft | English | 20th | Arctic |
Tristão da Cunha | Portuguese | 16th | Tristan da Cunha islands |
Jeremy Curl | English/Irish | 20th | African continent |
William Healey Dall | American | 19th | Alaska, Yukon |
William Dampier | English | 17th/18th | Australia, Panama, many other locations |
Alexandra David-Néel | French-Belgian | 20th | Tibet (Traveled to Lhasa) |
Isaac Davis | Welsh | 18th | Hawaii |
John Davis | English | 16th | East Indies, Falkland Islands |
Wang Dayuan | Chinese | 14th | Southeast Asia, Singapore |
Semyon Dezhnev | Russian | 17th | Siberia, Bering Strait (80 years before Vitus Bering) |
Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese | 15th | Africa |
Dinis Dias | Portuguese | 15th | Northwest African coast |
Diogo Dias | Portuguese | 16th | Madagascar, Somalia |
Pêro Dias | Portuguese | 15th | African coast |
Dicuil | Irish | 8th | England, Scotland |
Karl von Ditmar | Baltic German | 19th | Kamchatka |
Raphaël Domjan | Swiss | 21st | various |
Francis Drake | English | 16th | Caribbean, Pacific Coast of North America |
Gil Eanes | Portuguese | 15th | Northwest African coast |
Juan Sebastián Elcano | Spanish | 16th | completed Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation |
Francisco de Eliza | Spanish | 18th | Strait of Juan de Fuca and Strait of Georgia |
Lincoln Ellsworth | American | 20th | Arctic and Antarctica |
Franz Engel | German | 19th | South America |
Leif Eriksson | Norse Viking | 11th | Vinland (Newfoundland) and North American mainland (Canada) |
Erik the Red | Norse Viking | 10th | Greenland |
Pedro Escobar | Portuguese | 15th | São Tomé and Príncipe islands |
St Vincent Whitshed Erskine | British-South African | 19th | Gazaland & Limpopo River |
Eudoxus of Cyzicus | Greek | 2nd BC | Indian Ocean, attempted circumnavigation of Africa |
Euthymenes | Greek | 6th BC | Northwest African coast |
George Everest | Welsh | 19th | India |
Evliya Çelebi | Turkish | 17th | Turkey, Egypt, Africa, Europe |
Ahmad ibn Fadlan | Abbasid Caliphate | 10th | Eastern Europe, Middle East, Russia |
João Álvares Fagundes | Portuguese | 16th | Newfoundland and Nova Scotia |
Edmund Fanning | American | 18th/19th | Oceania |
Percy Harrison Fawcett | English | 20th | Amazon Rainforest |
Álvaro Fernandes | Portuguese | 15th | West African coast |
Baltasar Fernandes | Portuguese | 17th | Brazil |
Duarte Fernandes | Portuguese | 16th | Thailand |
Juan Fernández | Spanish | 16th | Juan Fernández Islands, Pacific Ocean |
Salvador Fidalgo | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Peter Fidler | English | 18th | Western Canada |
Sir Ranulph Fiennes | English | 20th/21st | Arctic, Antarctica |
Matthew Flinders | English | 18th/19th | Australia, Tasmania |
Alexander Forbes | Scottish | 19th | California |
Peter Forsskål | Finnish | 18th | Arabian Peninsula |
John Franklin | English | 19th | Northwest Passage |
Simon Fraser | Scottish | 18th/19th | British Columbia |
Lançarote de Freitas | Portuguese | 15th | Northwest African coast |
John C. Frémont | American | 19th | Oregon Trail, Sierra Nevada |
Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne | French | 18th | Oceania |
Louis de Freycinet | French | 19th | Western Australia, Oceania |
Martin Frobisher | English | 16th | Northwest Passage, Canada |
Xu Fu | Chinese | 3rd BC | Japan |
Juan de Fuca | Greek-Spanish | 16th | Strait of Juan de Fuca, Canada–United States border |
Vivian Fuchs | English | 20th | Antarctica |
Alfons Gabriel | Austrian | 20th | Iran |
Yuri Gagarin | Soviet | 20th | Earth orbit |
Martín Galeano | Italian (Genoese)-Spanish | 16th | Colombia |
Dionisio Alcalá Galiano | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Juan Galindo | Spanish/Irish | 19th | Mesoamerica (Mayan remains) |
Estevão da Gama | Portuguese | 16th | Trindade and Martim Vaz islands, Indian Ocean |
João da Gama | Portuguese | 16th | Hokkaido, Kuril islands, North Pacific, North America |
Paulo da Gama | Portuguese | 15th | sea route from Europe to India |
Vasco da Gama | Portuguese | 15th/16th | sea route from Europe to India |
Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa | Spanish | 16th | Solomon Islands |
Thomas Gann | Irish | 19th/20th | Mesoamerica (Mayan remains) |
Francisco Garcés | Spanish | 18th | Southwestern United States, northwestern Mexico |
Aleixo Garcia | Portuguese | 16th | Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia |
Francisco García Jofre de Loaísa | Spanish | 16th | Pacific Ocean |
Francis Garnier | French | 19th | Mekong River |
Adrien de Gerlache | Belgian | 19th/20th | Antarctica, Arctic |
Romolo Gessi | Italian | 19th | the Nile, Sudan |
Humphrey Gilbert | English | 16th | North America |
Ernest Giles | Australian | 19th | Central Australia |
Diogo Gomes | Portuguese | 15th | West African coast |
André Gonçalves | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Brazil |
Antão Gonçalves | Portuguese | 15th | West African coast |
Lopes Gonçalves | Portuguese | 15th | Atlantic Ocean |
Binot Paulmier de Gonneville | French | 15th/16th | Brazil (Santa Catarina) |
Sascha Grabow | German | 20th/21st | DRC Congo |
James Augustus Grant | Scottish | 19th | East Africa |
João Grego | Portuguese | 15th | African coast |
Juan de Grijalva | Spanish | 16th | Mexico, Nicaragua |
Grigory Grum-Grshimailo | Russian | 19th/20th | Central Asia, Tuva, Far East |
Gonzalo Guerrero | Spanish | 16th | Yucatán Peninsula |
Mikhail Gvozdev | Russian | 18th | First Kamchatka Expedition, Great Northern Expedition |
Charles Gwynn | Irish | 19th/20th | Sudan |
Niels Peter Høeg Hagen | Danish | 20th | Greenland |
Hanno the Navigator | Carthaginian | 6th BC | West African coast |
Hannu | Egyptian | 21st/20th BC | East Africa |
Gonzalo López de Haro | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Alfred Harrison | English | 20th | Arctic |
Dirk Hartog | Dutch | 17th | Western Australian coast |
Ahmed Pasha Hassanein | Egyptian | 20th | Oweinat and the Sahara |
Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden | American | 19th | Rocky Mountains and the Western United States |
Zheng He | Chinese | 15th | South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, East African coast |
Samuel Hearne | English | 18th | North Canada, Arctic |
Bruno de Heceta | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Sven Hedin | Swedish | 19th/20th | Central Asia |
Matthew Alexander Henson | American | 20th | Arctic |
Louis Hennepin | Belgian-French | 17th | North American interior |
Pedro de Heredia | Spanish | 16th | Northern Colombia |
Bjarni Herjulfsson | Norse Viking | 10th | North America |
William Lewis Herndon | American | 19th | Amazon basin |
Herodotus | Greek | 5th BC | Near East, Middle East, North Africa |
Thor Heyerdahl | Norwegian | 20th | anthropological ocean voyages |
Sir Edmund Hillary | New Zealander | 20th | Mount Everest, Antarctica |
Himilco the Navigator | Carthaginian | 6th BC | Northwestern coast of Europe |
Hippalus | Greek | 1st BC | Indian Ocean |
Clement Hodgkinson | English | 19th | New South Wales (Australia) |
Pelham Aldrich | English | 19th/20th | Arctic |
Emil Holub | Czech | 19th | Africa |
Robert Hottot | French | 20th | Congo River |
Cornelis de Houtman | Dutch | 16th | sea route from Europe to Indonesia |
Frederick de Houtman | Dutch | 16th/17th | Western Australian coast |
William Hovell | English | 19th | Southern New South Wales |
Du Huan | Chinese | 8th | Central Asia, Middle East, East African coast |
Henry Hudson | English | 17th | Northwest Passage, Hudson River and Hudson Bay |
Alexander von Humboldt | German | 19th | Latin America, Siberia |
Hamilton Hume | Australian | 19th | Australian interior |
James S. Hutchinson | American | 20th | Sierra Nevada |
Hyecho | Korean | 8th | India, Persia and Central Asia |
João Infante | Portuguese | 15th | African coast |
Helge Ingstad | Norwegian | 20th | Newfoundland, Greenland, Alaska |
James Irwin | American | 20th | The Moon |
Kurbat Ivanov | Siberian Cossack | 17th | Siberia, Russian Far East, discoverer of Lake Baikal |
Roberto Ivens | Portuguese | 19th | African continent |
Cristóvão Jacques | Portuguese | 16th | Paraná River, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina |
James of Ireland | Irish | 14th | Sumatra, China |
Willem Janszoon | Dutch | 17th | Australia (Queensland) |
Anthony Jenkinson | English | 16th | Russia, Persia |
Louis Jolliet | French Canadian | 17th | Mississippi River |
Jørgen Jørgensen | Danish | 18th/19th | Tasmania |
Friar Julian | Hungarian | 13th | Volga Bulgaria |
Conrad Carel Käyser | Dutch | 20th | Suriname |
Thorfinn Karlsefni | Icelandic | 11th | Vinland |
Johann Karl Ehrenfried Kegel | German | 19th | Kamchatka |
George Kennan | American | 19th/20th | Russia |
Edmund Kennedy | British-Australian | 19th | Australian interior |
Robert Kennicott | American | 19th | Alaska, Siberia, Yukon and Northern Canada |
Yerofey Khabarov | Russian | 17th | Second Russian to explore the Amur region |
Khashkhash Ibn Saeed Ibn Aswad | Andalusian | 9th | Atlantic Ocean |
Mary Kingsley | English | 19th | Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, and other South West African regions |
Eusebio Kino | Italian | 17th/18th | Californias, Sonora and Arizona |
Maria Klenova | Russian | 20th | One of the founders of marine geology |
Amyr Klink | Brazilian | 20th | Antarctica |
John Knight | English | 17th | Greenland, Labrador |
Johan Peter Koch | Danish | 20th | Greenland |
Alexander Kolchak | Russian | 20th | Russian Arctic |
Ferdinand Konščak | Croatian | 17th | Baja California Peninsula |
Fyodor Konyukhov | Russian | 20th/21st | circumnavigation, Explorers Grand Slam, pole of inaccessibility |
Otto von Kotzebue | Baltic German | 19th | Pacific Ocean |
Pyotr Kozlov | Russian | 20th | Mongolia, Tibet |
Johann Ludwig Krapf | German | 19th | Ethiopia, Kenya |
Pyotr Krenitsyn | Russian | 18th | Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula |
Adam Johann von Krusenstern | Baltic German | 19th | First Russian circumnavigation |
Francisco de Lacerda | Portuguese | 18th | Zambia |
Juan Ladrillero | Spanish | 16th | Chile |
Ernest Doudard de Lagrée | French | 19th | Indochina, Mekong and Yunnan |
Alexander Gordon Laing | Scottish | 19th | West Africa (Niger River and Timbuktu) |
Pierre Martin de La Martinière | French | 17th | Norway, Lapland, northern Russia, Novaya Zemlya, Greenland and Iceland |
Richard Lemon Lander | Cornish | 19th | West Africa (Niger and Benue Rivers) |
Grigori Ivanovitch Langsdorff | Russian–German | 19th | Brazil |
Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse | French | 18th | Pacific Rim |
Khariton Laptev | Russian | 18th | Great Northern Expedition |
Anthony de la Roché | English | 17th | Antarctica |
Gadifer de la Salle | French | 15th | Canary Islands |
João Fernandes Lavrador | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Labrador |
Joseph N. LeConte | American | 20th | Sierra Nevada |
Albert von Le Coq | German | 19th/20th | Central Asia |
John Ledyard | American | 18th | Australasia, Oceania, Russia |
Miguel López de Legazpi | Spanish | 16th | Philippines |
Ludwig Leichhardt | German | 19th | Australian interior |
Jacob Le Maire | Dutch | 17th | South Pacific (Cape Horn, Tonga Islands, Wallis and Futuna) |
Gaspar de Lemos | Portuguese | 15th | Brazil |
Dragutin Lerman | Croatian | 19th/20th | Congo |
Mikhail Levashev | Russian | 18th | Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka Peninsula |
Meriwether Lewis | American | 18th/19th | Western United States |
Sir Martin Lindsay, 1st Baronet | Scottish | 20th | East Greenland |
João de Lisboa | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Indian Ocean, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina |
St. George Littledale | English | 19th | Central Asia and North America |
David Livingstone | Scottish | 19th | Southern and East Africa |
Louis-Philippe Loncke | Belgian | 21st | Australia, the Andes and Iceland |
Jim Lovell | American | 20th | Outer Space |
Alexander Mackenzie | Scottish Canadian | 18th/19th | Canada |
Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese | 15th/16th | 1st circumnavigation, Philippines, Strait of Malacca, Indian Ocean |
Jacques Mahu | French-Dutch | 16th | Cape Verde islands |
Alessandro Malaspina | Italian-Spanish | 18th | Pacific Ocean |
Teoberto Maler | German-Italian | 19th | Mesoamerica (Mayan remains) |
George Mallory | English | 20th | Mount Everest |
Lancelotto Malocello | Italian | 13th/14th | Lanzarote (Canary Islands) |
Albert Hastings Markham | British | 19th | Arctic |
Lourenço Marques | Portuguese | 16th | Mozambique |
Jacques Marquette | French | 17th | Mississippi River |
Álvaro Martins | Portuguese | 15th | Newfoundland, Cape of Good Hope |
Pedro Mascarenhas | Portuguese | 16th | Indian Ocean, Diego Garcia |
John Minor Maury | American | 19th | Darién Gap |
Douglas Mawson | Australian | 20th | Antarctica |
Robert McClure | Irish | 19th | Arctic |
Robert McCormick | British | 19th | Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
Álvaro de Mendaña | Spanish | 16th | Pacific Ocean |
António Lopes Mendes | Portuguese | 19th | Brazil, India |
Cristóvão de Mendonça | Portuguese | 16th | East Asia, Australasia |
Pedro de Mendoza | Spanish | 16th | South America |
Jorge de Menezes | Portuguese | 16th | Papua New Guinea |
Archibald Menzies | Scottish | 18th/19th | Pacific Ocean, circumnavigation |
Alexander von Middendorff | Russian-Baltic German | 19th | Siberia, Far East, Lapland, Fergana Valley |
Ejnar Mikkelsen | Danish | 20th | Greenland |
Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay | Russian | 19th | New Guinea |
Thomas Mitchell | Scottish | 19th | Australian interior |
Richard Mohun | American | 19th/20th | Congo Free State |
Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons | French | 16th/17th | North America |
George Fletcher Moore | Irish | 19th | Australia |
John Moresby | English | 19th | New Guinea coast |
Ivan Moskvitin | Russian | 17th | First European to reach the Sea of Okhotsk |
António Mota | Portuguese | 16th | Japan |
Henri Mouhot | French | 19th | South East Asia |
Francisco Antonio Mourelle | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest and Pacific Ocean |
Bimal Mukherjee | Indian | 20th | circumnavigation |
Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen | Danish | 20th | Greenland |
Gustav Nachtigal | German | 19th | Africa |
Naddoddur | Norse Viking | 9th | Iceland |
Nain Singh Rawat (Pundit Brothers) | Indian | 19th | Tibet, Himalayas and Central Asia |
Fridtjof Nansen | Norwegian | 19th/20th | Arctic |
José María Narváez | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Nearchus | Greek | 4th BC | Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf |
Nehsi | Egyptian | 15th BC | Land of Punt |
Arthur Henry Neumann | English | 19th | Africa |
Gennady Nevelskoy | Russian | 19th | Sakhalin |
Jean Nicolet | French | 17th | Northwest Territory (United States) |
Joseph Nicollet | French-American | 19th | Mississippi and Missouri Rivers |
Afanasiy Nikitin | Russian | 15th | India |
António Noli | Portuguese | 15th | Cape Verde islands |
Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld | Finnish | 19th | Arctic |
Tenzing Norgay | Nepalese | 20th | Mount Everest |
Fernão de Noronha | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Atlantic Ocean |
João da Nova | Galician-Portuguese | 16th | Atlantic and Indian Oceans |
Paulo Dias de Novais | Portuguese | 16th | Angola |
Kazimierz Nowak | Polish | 20th | Africa |
Vanessa O'Brien | American and British | 20th/21st | Mountaineering and Challenger Deep in Marianas Trench |
Sebastián de Ocampo | Spanish | 16th | Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico |
Addison O'Dea | American | 21st | The Sahara |
Odoric of Pordenone | Italian | 14th | Persia, India and China |
Peter Skene Ogden | Canadian | 19th | Snake River country, Western United States |
Alonso de Ojeda | Spanish | 15th/16th | South America (north), Caribbean |
Juan de Oñate | Spanish | 16th | American Southwest |
Francisco de Orellana | Spanish | 16th | South America, Amazon River |
Simone Orlandini | Italian | 21st | Arctic, Tibet |
Íñigo Órtiz de Retes | Spanish | 16th | Papua New Guinea |
John Oxenham | English | 16th | Panama, Pacific Ocean |
John Oxley | English | 19th | Australia |
Pedro Páez | Spanish | 16th/17th | Ethiopia |
Juan Pardo | Spanish | 16th | Southeastern United States |
Mungo Park | Scottish | 18th/19th | West Africa (Niger River) |
William Parry | English | 19th | Arctic |
James Ohio Pattie | American | 19th | Western United States |
Fiann Paul | Icelandic | 21st | Arctic, Antarctic, Oceans |
Nathaniel Pearce | English | 19th | Ethiopia |
Robert Peary | American | 19th/20th | Arctic |
Paul Pelliot | French | 19th/20th | central Asia |
Diogo Fernandes Pereira | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Madagascar, Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues) |
Duarte Pacheco Pereira | Portuguese | 15th | Atlantic Ocean, Brazil |
Bartolomeu Perestrelo | Portuguese | 15th | Madeira Islands |
Juan Pérez | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Maksim Perfilyev | Siberian Cossack | 17th | Eastern Siberia, first Russian to reach Transbaikalia |
Ivan Petlin | Siberian Cossack | 17th | First Russian to reach China |
Auguste Piccard | Swiss | 20th | Earth's atmosphere, the deep sea |
Jacques Piccard | Swiss | 20th | the deep sea |
Antonio Pigafetta | Italian (Venetian) | 16th | Survived the 1st circumnavigation of the world |
Zebulon Pike | American | 19th | Louisiana Purchase (United States) |
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda | Spanish | 16th | Gulf Coast |
Fernão Mendes Pinto | Portuguese | 16th | India, Far East, Japan |
Serpa Pinto | Portuguese | 19th | Southern Africa |
Martin Alonzo Pinzón | Spanish | 15th | Caribbean |
Vicente Yáñez Pinzón | Spanish | 15th/16th | Caribbean, Brazil |
Luís Pires | Portuguese | 15th | abortive voyage to Brazil |
Francisco Pizarro | Spanish | 16th | Hispaniola, Panama, Peru |
Fernão do Pó | Portuguese | 15th | West African coast |
Marco Polo | Italian (Venetian) | 13th/14th | China, Mongol Empire, India |
Juan Ponce de León | Spanish | 15th/16th | Florida |
Peter Pond | American | 18th/19th | Canada interior |
Fedot Popov | Russian | 17th | The first European expedition through the Bering Strait |
António da Silva Porto | Portuguese | 19th | Angola interior |
Gaspar de Portolà | Spanish | 18th | Alta and Baja California |
Posidonius | Greek | 1st BC | Gaul |
Sydney Possuelo | Brazilian | 20th/21st | Amazon |
Panayotis Potagos | Greek | 19th | Africa |
Grigory Potanin | Russian | 19th | Inner Asia |
John Wesley Powell | American | 19th | Western United States |
Vassili Poyarkov | Russian | 17th | First Russian explorer of the Amur region |
Mandil Pradhan | Nepalese | 21st | Himalayas |
Gavriil Pribylov | Russian | 18th | Pribilof Islands |
Vasili Pronchishchev | Russian | 18th | Great Northern Expedition |
Maria Pronchishcheva | Russian | 18th | The first female Arctic explorer |
Nathaniel Hale Pryor | American | 19th | western United States |
Nikolai Przhevalsky | Russian | 19th | Central Asia |
Peter Puget | English | 19th | Puget Sound |
Pytheas | Greek | 4th BC | Northern Europe |
Zhang Qian | Chinese | 2nd BC | Central Asia |
Pedro Fernandes de Queirós | Portuguese | 16th/17th | Oceania |
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada | Spanish | 16th | From Santa Marta to the Bogotá savanna; quest for El Dorado |
Hernán Pérez de Quesada | Spanish | 16th | Caquetá, Colombia; quest for El Dorado |
Manuel Quimper | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
Emil Racoviță | Romanian | 19th/20th | Antarctica |
John Rae | Scottish Canadian | 19th | Northwest Passage, Canada (Arctic) |
Sir Walter Raleigh | English | 16th/17th | Virginia, Orinoco River |
Knud Rasmussen | Danish | 20th | Arctic |
Piri Reis | Turkish | 15th/16th | Mediterranean Sea |
Matteo Ricci | Italian | 16th | China |
Mario Rigby | Turks and Caicos Islander | 21st | Africa |
Arthur Rimbaud | French | 19th | Horn of Africa (Abyssinia) |
Luigi Robecchi | Italian | 19th | Africa |
Anthony de la Roché | English | 17th | Antarctic (South Georgia) |
Diogo Rodrigues | Portuguese | 16th | Mascarene Islands |
Nicholas Roerich | Russian | 20th | Central Asia, Northeast Asia |
Jacob Roggeveen | Dutch | 18th | South Pacific (Easter Island) |
Cândido Rondon | Brazilian | 19th/20th | Brazilian interior (Amazon Basin) |
James Clark Ross | English | 19th | Arctic, Antarctic |
Sir John Ross | Scottish | 19th | Arctic |
John Ross | Scottish Australian | 19th | Northern Territory |
William of Rubruck | Flemish | 13th | Central Asia |
Nikolay Rudanovsky | Russian | 19th | Sakhalin |
Henry Russell | Irish | 19th | Pyrenees |
Ahmad ibn Rustah | Persian | 10th | Russia, Scandinavia, Arabia |
João de Sá | Portuguese | 15th/16th | India, African coast |
Álvaro de Saavedra | Spanish | 16th | Papua New Guinea, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands |
Edward Sabine | Irish | 19th | Arctic |
Sacagawea | Lemhi Shoshone | 18th/19th | Western United States |
Anatoly Sagalevich | Russian | 20th/21st | Explorer of the World Ocean, seabed at the North Pole |
Kira Salak | American | 20th/21st | Papua New Guinea, Mali, Bhutan |
Alonso de Salazar | Spanish | 16th | Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean |
Agustín Lizárraga | Peruvian | 21st | Machu Picchu |
Gadiel Sánchez Rivera | Peruvian | 21st | Amazon, Lake Titicaca |
Sándor Kőrösi Csoma | Hungarian | 19th | Tibet |
Yakov Sannikov | Russian | 19th | New Siberian Islands |
João de Santarém | Portuguese | 15th | São Tomé and Príncipe islands |
Gavril Sarychev | Russian | 18th/19th | Sea of Okhotsk, Baltic Sea, Aleutian Islands |
Martin Sauer | English | 18th | Siberia, Alaska |
Rabban Bar Sauma | Turco-Mongol | 13th | Europe, Middle East |
Johann Schiltberger | German | 15th | Central Asia |
Adolf Schlagintweit | German | 19th | Central Asia |
Eduard Schlagintweit | German | 19th | Central Asia |
Emil Schlagintweit | German | 19th | Central Asia |
Hermann Schlagintweit | German | 19th | Central Asia |
Robert Schlagintweit | German | 19th | Central Asia |
Ulrich Schmidl | German | 16th | Río de la Plata |
Willem Schouten | Dutch | 17th | South Pacific (Cape Horn, Tonga Islands, Wallis and Futuna) |
Georg August Schweinfurth | Baltic German | 19th | East and Central Africa |
Robert Falcon Scott | English | 19th/20th | Antarctica (South Pole) |
Scylax of Caryanda | Greek | 6th BC | Indus River, Indian Ocean, Red Sea |
Tibor Sekelj | Croat | 20th | Argentina |
Mirko and Stjepan Seljan | Croat | 20th | Ethiopia, South America |
Frederick Courtney Selous | English | 19th | Africa |
Symon Semeonis | Hiberno-Norman | 14th | Jerusalem, Albania |
Gomes de Sequeira | Portuguese | 16th | Caroline Islands, Pacific Ocean |
João Serrão | Portuguese | 15th/16th | 1st Circumnavigation (also later its co-captain general); commanded the ship Santiago in the Atlantic and the Concepcion across the Pacific, Strait of Malacca, Indian Ocean |
Francisco Serrão | Portuguese | 15th/16th | Indonesia |
Ernest Shackleton | English-Irish | 20th | Antarctica |
Robert Barkley Shaw | English | 19th | Central Asia |
Eric Shipton | English | 20th | Mount Everest, southern Patagonia |
Tanaka Shōsuke | Japanese | 17th | Mexico |
Diogo Silves | Portuguese | 15th | Azores |
James Simpson | English | 20th | North Greenland |
Pêro de Sintra | Portuguese | 15th | West African coast, Sierra Leone |
Pierre-Jean De Smet | Belgian | 19th | North America |
Jedediah Smith | American | 19th | Western United States, Rocky Mountains |
John Smith | English | 17th | North America |
William Smith | English | 19th | South Shetland Islands |
Eugene Smurgis | Russian | 20th | Arctic Ocean |
J. Dewey Soper | Canadian | 20th | Canadian Arctic |
Hernando de Soto | Spanish | 16th | Central America, Southern United States |
Martim Afonso de Sousa | Portuguese | 16th | Brazilian interior |
John Hanning Speke | English | 19th | East Africa |
Hans Staden | German | 16th | Brazil |
Ed Stafford | English | 21st | Amazon |
William Grant Stairs | Canadian | 19th | Central Africa |
Henry Morton Stanley | Welsh | 19th | East Africa |
Vilhjalmur Stefansson | Icelandic Canadian | 20th | Canadian Arctic |
Marc Aurel Stein | Hungarian-British | 19th/20th | Central Asia |
John Lloyd Stephens | American | 19th | Middle East, Mesoamerica (Mayan remains) |
Paweł Strzelecki | Polish-British | 19th | the Americas, Australia (Gippsland) |
John McDouall Stuart | Scottish | 19th | Australian Interior |
Charles Sturt | British | 19th | Australian Interior |
Gardar Svavarsson | Swedish | 9th | Iceland |
Anders Svedlund | Swedish | 20th | Oceans |
Otto Sverdrup | Norwegian | 19th/20th | Arctic |
Ignacije Szentmartony | Croat | 18th | Amazon River |
Abel Tasman | Dutch | 17th | Australasia, including Tasmania |
António Raposo Tavares | Portuguese | 17th | Paraguay River, part of the Andes mountain range, Grande River, Mamoré River, Madeira River, Amazon River (Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia) Union of La Plata Basin to the Amazon River – circumnavigation of Brazil. |
Jean-Baptiste Tavernier | French | 17th | Persia, India |
Mikhail Tebenkov | Russian | 19th | Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Amur River |
Pedro Teixeira | Portuguese | 17th | Amazon River |
Tristão Vaz Teixeira | Portuguese | 15th | Madeira Islands |
Wilfred Thesiger | English | 20th | Africa, Middle East |
David Thompson | Welsh–English | 18th/19th | Western Canada, Pacific Northwest |
Guðríður Þorbjarnardóttir | Icelandic | 11th | North America |
Harold William Tilman | English | 20th | Himalayas, Patagonia |
Yermak Timofeyevich | Russian | 16th | Siberia |
Tenjiku Tokubei | Japanese | 17th | South East Asia, India |
Eduard Toll | Baltic German | 19th | Arctic |
Luis Váez de Torres | Spanish Galician | 16th/17th | Australasia |
Nuno Tristão | Portuguese | 15th | West African coast, Guinea-Bissau |
Petrus Johannes Truter | Dutch | 19th | Bechuanaland |
Hasekura Tsunenaga | Japanese | 17th | Mexico, Europe |
Benjamin of Tudela | Jewish Navarrese | 12th | Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Peninsula, Red Sea, Persian Gulf |
Andrés de Urdaneta | Spanish | 16th | Pacific Ocean, Manila Galleon route |
Jules Dumont d'Urville | French | 19th | Antarctica |
Cayetano Valdés y Flores | Spanish | 18th | Pacific Northwest |
George Vancouver | English | 18th | Pacific coast of North America |
Ludovico di Varthema | Italian | 15th/16th | Arabian Peninsula, Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia |
Gonçalo Velho | Portuguese | 15th | Azores |
François de La Vérendrye | French Canadian | 18th | Western Canada |
Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye | French Canadian | 18th | Great Plains |
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye | French | 18th | Great Plains |
Giovanni da Verrazzano | Italian | 16th | East Coast of the United States |
Amerigo Vespucci | Italian | 15th/16th | Eastern South American coast, Caribbean |
Flóki Vilgerðarson | Norse Viking | 9th | Iceland |
Ruy López de Villalobos | Spanish | 16th | Pacific Ocean, Philippines |
Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi | Italian | 13th | Africa, in a failed attempt to reach India |
Sebastián Vizcaíno | Spanish | 16th | Northwest Pacific, California Coast |
Willem de Vlamingh | Dutch | 17th | Southwest Australian coast |
Maarten Gerritsz Vries | Dutch | 17th | Northwest Pacific (Hokkaido, Sakhalin) |
Lionel Wafer | Welsh | 17th | Malay Archipelago, Isthmus of Panama |
Jean-Frédéric Waldeck | French | 19th | Mesoamerica (Mayan remains) |
Thomas Walker | American | 18th | Eastern United States |
Samuel Wallis | British | 18th | First recorded visit to Tahiti |
Gino Watkins | English | 20th | East Greenland & Labrador |
Langdon Warner | American | 20th | the Silk Road |
Alfred Wegener | German | 20th | Greenland |
John White | English | 15th | Roanoke Island |
Jim Whittaker | American | 20th | Mount Everest, Antarctica |
Frederick Whymper | English | 19th | Alaska, Kamchatka, Yukon |
Charles Wilkes | American | 19th | Pacific Ocean |
Edward Adrian Wilson | English | 19th/20th | Antarctica |
Ernest Henry Wilson | English | 19th/20th | East Asia, East Africa, Central and South America, Australia, New Zealand |
James Wilson | British | 18th | Pacific Islands |
Thomas Braidwood Wilson | Scottish Australian | 19th | Australia |
Harry de Windt | French | 19th/20th | Eurasia |
Fanny Bullock Workman | American | 19th/20th | Himalaya |
Ferdinand von Wrangel | Baltic German | 19th | Northern Russia |
Xuanzang | Chinese | 7th | Indian subcontinent, Central Asia |
John Young | Scottish-English | 18th | Hawaii |
Sir Francis Younghusband | British | 19th/20th | Central Asia |
Topa Inca Yupanqui | Inca | 15th | Pacific |
João Gonçalves Zarco | Portuguese | 15th | Madeira Islands |
Gonzalo García Zorro | Spanish | 16th | Colombia |
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