Tablas de azeótropos

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Esta página contiene tablas de datos azeotrópicos para varias mezclas binarias y ternarias de solventes. Los datos incluyen la composición de una mezcla en peso (en azeótropos binarios, cuando solo se proporciona una fracción, es la fracción del segundo componente), el punto de ebullición (p.e.) de un componente, el punto de ebullición de una mezcla y la gravedad específica de la mezcla. Los puntos de ebullición se informan a una presión de 760 mm Hg a menos que se indique lo contrario. Cuando la mezcla se separa en capas, se muestran los valores para las capas superior (U) e inferior (L).

Los datos se obtuvieron de la décima edición de Lange y de la 44.ª edición del CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, a menos que se indique lo contrario (consulte la tabla de códigos de colores).

La Sociedad Química Estadounidense recopiló y publicó una lista de 15.825 mezclas binarias y ternarias. También hay disponible en línea un banco de datos de azeótropos a través de la Universidad de Edimburgo.

Azeotropos binarios

Código de color fuente de datos
CRC & LangeCRC únicamenteLange es sólo(véanse las referencias)

Binary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various alcohols
ethanol 78.4 78.1 95.5 0.804
methanol 64.7 Doesn't form azeotrope
1-propanol 97.3 87.7 71.7 0.866
2-propanol 82.5 80.4 87.7 0.818
n-butanol 117.8 92.4 55.5
U 79.9
L 7.7 		U 0.849
L 0.990
sec-butanol 99.5 88.5 67.9 0.863
isobutanol 108.0 90.0 70.0
U 85.0
L 8.7 		U 0.839
L 0.988
tert-butanol 82.8 79.9 88.3
allyl alcohol 97.0 88.2 72.9 0.905
furfuryl alcohol 169.4 98.5 20
cyclohexanol 161.1 97.8 20
benzyl alcohol 205.4 99.9 9
with various organic acids
formic acid 100.8 107.3 77.5
acetic acid ‡ 118.1 No azeotrope
propionic acid 141.1 99.98 17.7 1.016
butyric acid 163.5 99.94 18.4 1.007
isobutyric acid 154.5 99.3 21
with mineral acids
nitric acid 83.0 120.5 68 1.405
perchloric acid 110.0 203 71.6
hydrofluoric acid 19.9 120 37
hydrochloric acid –84 110 20.24 1.102
hydrobromic acid –73 126 47.5 1.481
hydroiodic acid –34 127 57
sulfuric acid 290 338 98
with various alkyl halides
ethylene chloride 83.7 72 91.8
propylene chloride 96.8 78 89.4
chloroform 61.2 56.1 97.2
U 0.8
L 99.8 		U 1.004
L 1.491
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 66.8 95.9
U 0.03
L 99.97 		U 1.000
L 1.597
methylene chloride 40.0 38.8 99.6
U 2.0
99.9 		U 1.009
L 1.328
with various esters
ethyl acetate 77.1 70.4 91.9
U 96.7
L 8.7 		U 0.907
L 0.999
methyl acetate 57.0 56.1 95.0 0.940
n-propyl acetate 101.6 82.4 86
isopropyl acetate 88.7 75.9 88.9
ethyl nitrate 87.7 74.4 78
with various other solvents
acetone ‡ 56.5 No azeotrope
methyl ethyl ketone 79.6 73.5 89 0.834
pyridine 115.5 92.6 57 1.010
benzene 80.2 69.3 91.1
U 99.94
L 0.07 		U 0.880
L 0.999
toluene 110.8 84.1 79.8
U 99.95
L 0.06 		U 0.868
L 1.000
cyclohexane 80.7 69.8 91.5
U 99.99
L 0.01		 U 0.780
L 1.00
CPME 106 83 83.7
MTBE 55 52.9 96.5
diethyl ether 34.5 34.2 98.7 0.720
tetrahydrofuran 66 64.2 95
2-methyltetrahydrofuran 80.2 71 89.4
anisole 153.9 95.5 59.5
acetonitrile 82.0 76.5 83.7 0.818
chloral 97.75 95.0 93.0
hydrazine 113.5 120.3 68.5
m-xylene 139.0 92.0 64.2

‡ CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water, Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for these pairs.

Binary azeotropes of allyl alcohol, b.p.=97.0 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various solvents
methyl butyrate 102.7 93.8 45
n-propyl acetate 101.6 94.2 47
benzene 80.2 76.8 82.6 0.874
toluene 110.8 92.4 50
cyclohexane 80.8 74 80
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 72.3 88.5 1.450
ethylene chloride 83.7 79.9 82

Binary azeotropes of ethanol, b.p.=78.4 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various esters
ethyl acetate 77.1 71.8 69.2 0.863
methyl acetate 57.0 56.9 97
ethyl nitrate 87.7 71.9 56
isopropyl acetate 88.4 76.8 47
with various hydrocarbons
benzene 80.2 68.2 67.6 0.848
cyclohexane 80.7 64.9 69.5
toluene 110.8 76.7 32 0.815
n-pentane 36.2 34.3 95
n-hexane 68.9 58.7 79 0.687
n-heptane 98.5 70.9 51 0.729
n-octane 125.6 77.0 22
with various alkyl halides
ethylene chloride 83.7 70.5 63
chloroform 61.1 59.4 93 1.403
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 65.1 84.2 1.377
allyl chloride 45.7 44 95
n-propyl chloride 46.7 45.0 93
isopropyl chloride 36.3 35.6 97.2
n-propyl bromide 71.0 62.8 79.5
isopropyl bromide 59.8 55.6 89.5
n-propyl iodide 102.4 75.4 56
isopropyl iodide 89.4 71.5 73
methyl iodide 42.6 41.2 96.8
methylene chloride 40.1 39.85 95.0
ethyl bromide 38.0 37.0 97.0
trichloroethylene 87 70.9 73.0 1.197
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) 47.7 43.8 96.2 1.517
tetrachloroethylene 121.0 76.75 37.0
with various other solvents
methyl ethyl ketone 79.6 74.8 60 0.802
acetonitrile 82.0 72.9 43.0 0.788
nitromethane 101.3 75.95 26.8
tetrahydrofuran
P = 100 kPa		 65.6 65 96.7
2-methyltetrahydrofuran 80.2 74.4 66
thiophene 84.1 70.0 55.0
carbon disulfide 46.2 42.4 92

Binary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.7 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various esters
methyl acetate 57.0 53.8 81.3 0.908
ethyl acetate 77.1 62.3 56 0.846
ethyl formate 54.1 51.0 84
with various hydrocarbons
benzene 80.2 58.3 60.5 0.844
toluene 110.8 63.8 31 0.813
cyclohexane 80.8 45.2 62.8
U 97.0
L 39.0
n-pentane 36.2 30.8 91
n-hexane 68.9 60 71.6
n-heptane 98.5 59.1 48.5
n-octane 125.8 63.0 72.0
with various alkyl halides
methylene chloride 40.0 37.8 92.7
ethylene chloride 83.7 61.0 68
chloroform 61.1 53.5 87.4 1.342
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 55.7 79.4 1.322
ethyl bromide 38.4 35.0 95.5
n-propyl chloride 46.6 40.5 90.5
isopropyl chloride 36.4 33.4 94
n-propyl bromide 71.0 54.5 79
isopropyl bromide 59.8 48.6 85.0
isopropyl iodide 89.4 61.0 62
trichloroethylene 87.2 60.2 64
tetrachloroethylene 121.1 63.5 40.6
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) 47.7 39.9 94
with various other solvents
nitromethane 101.2 64.6 9
acetone 56.5 55.7 87.9 0.796
acetonitrile 82.0 63.45 19.0
carbon disulfide 46.2 37.7 86.0
U 50.8
L 97.2
U 0.979
L 1.261
isopropyl alcohol 82.5 64.0 20
tetrahydrofuran
P = 984 mBar		 65.6 60.7 69.0
2-methyltetrahydrofuran 80.2 62.7 43
MTBE 55 51.3 68.6

Binary azeotropes of n-propanol, b.p.=97.2 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various solvents
methyl butyrate 102.7 94.4 51
n-propyl formate 80.8 80.65 97
n-propyl acetate 101.6 94.7 49 0.833
benzene 80.2 77.1 83.1
toluene 110.8 92.4 47.5 0.836
n-hexane 68.9 65.7 96
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 73.1 88.5 1.437
ethylene chloride 83.7 80.7 81
n-propyl bromide 71.0 69.7 91
2-methyltetrahydrofuran 80.2 79.5 99

Binary azeotropes of acetic acid, b.p.=118.5 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various solvents
benzene 80.2 80.05 98 0.882
cyclohexane 80.8 79.7 98
toluene 110.8 105.0 72 0.905
m-xylene 139.0 115.4 27.5 0.908
mesitylene 164.6 118 3.6
n-heptane 98.5 92.3 70
n-octane 125.8 109.0 50
isopropyl iodide 89.2 88.3 91
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 76.6 97
tetrachloroethylene 121.0 107.4 61.5
ethylene bromide 131.7 114.4 45
1,1-dibromoethane 109.5 103.7 75.0
methylene bromide 98.2 94.8 84.0
pyridine 115.3 139.7 65.0 1.024

Binary azeotropes of Isopropyl alcohol, b.p.=82.5 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various esters
ethyl acetate 77.1 75.3 75 0.869
isopropyl acetate 91.0 81.3 40 0.822
with various hydrocarbons
benzene 80.2 71.9 66.7 0.838
toluene ‡ 110.8 80.6 42
cyclohexane 80.7 68.6 67.0 0.777
n-pentane 36.2 35.5 94
n-hexane 68.9 62.7 77
n-heptane 98.5 76.3 46
with various alkyl halides
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 69.0 82 1.344
chloroform 61.1 60.8 95.8
ethylene chloride 83.7 74.7 56.5
ethyl iodide 83.7 67.1 85
n-propyl chloride 46.7 46.4 97.2
n-propyl bromide 71.0 66.8 79.5
isopropyl bromide 59.8 57.8 88
n-propyl iodide 102.4 79.8 58
isopropyl iodide 89.4 76.0 68
tetrachloroethylene 121.1 81.7 19.0
with various other solvents
methyl ethyl ketone 79.0 77.5 68 0.800
diisopropyl ether 69 66.2 85.9
nitromethane 101.0 79.3 70
2-methyltetrahydrofuran 80.2 77 82

‡ CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates CRC

Binary azeotropes of formic acid, b.p.=100.8 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various hydrocarbons
benzene 80.2 71.7 69
toluene 110.8 85.8 50
m-xylene 139.0 94.2 29.8
m-xylene 139.0 92.8 28.2
o-xylene 143.6 95.5 26
p-xylene 138.4 ~95 30.0
n-pentane 36.2 34.2 90
n-hexane 68.9 60.6 72
n-heptane 98.5 78.2 56.5
n-octane 125.8 90.5 37
with various alkyl halides
chloroform 61.2 59.2 85
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 66.7 81.5
methyl iodide 42.6 42.1 94
ethyl bromide 38.4 38.2 97
ethylene chloride 83.6 77.4 86
ethylene bromide 131.7 94.7 48.5
n-propyl chloride 46.7 45.6 92
isopropyl chloride 34.8 34.7 98.5
n-propyl bromide 71.0 64.7 73
isopropyl bromide 59.4 56.0 86
with various other solvents
carbon disulfide 46.3 42.6 83

Binary azeotropes of benzene, b.p.=80.1 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
cyclohexane 80.74 77.8 45.0 0.834
ethyl nitrate 88.7 80.03 12.0
methyl ethyl ketone 79.6 78.4 37.5 0.853
nitromethane 101.0 79.15 14.0
acetonitrile 82.0 73.0 34.0
n-heptane 98.5 80.0 1

Binary azeotropes of ethylene glycol, b.p.=197.4 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
with various solvents
ethyl benzoate 212.6 186.1 53.5
diphenyl 254.9 192.0 36
mesitylene 164.6 156.0 87
naphthalene 218.1 183.9 49
toluene 110.8 110.2 93.5
m-xylene 139.0 135.6 85
o-xylene 144.4 139.6 84.0
ethylene bromide 131.7 129.8 96
nitrobenzene 210.9 185.9 41
chlorobenzene 132.0 130.1 5.6
benzyl chloride 179.3 167.0 70
benzyl alcohol 205.1 193.1 44
anisole 153.9 150.5 89.5
acetophenone 202.1 185.7 48
aniline 184.4 180.6 76
o-cresol 191.1 189.6 73

Binary azeotropes of glycerol, b.p.=291.0 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
diphenyl 254.9 243.8 45
naphthalene 218.1 215.2 90

Binary azeotropes of acetone, b.p.=56.5 °C
2nd Component b.p. of
comp. (˚C)		 b.p. of
mixture (˚C)		 % by
weight		 spef.
grav
carbon disulfide 46.3 39.3 67.0 1.04
chloroform 61.2 64.7 80.0 1.268
cyclohexane 80.74 53.0 33.0
n-hexane 68.8 49.8 41
ethyl iodide 56.5 55.0 40.0
carbon tetrachloride 76.8 56.2 11.9

Varios pares de azeotropo

componente 1b.p.
comp. 1 (oC)		componente 2b.p.
comp. 2 (oC)		 b.p.
azeo.		% wt
comp. 1		% wt
comp. 2		espectro.
Grabado.
acetaldehyde 21.0 diethyl ether 34.6 20,5 76.0 24.0 0,762
n-butane-0,5–7.016.084.0
acetamida 222.0 benzaldehyde179.5178.66.593,5
nitrobenzene210,9202.024.076.0
oxylene144.1142.611.089.0
acetonitrile 82.0 acetato de etilo77.1574.823.077.0
tolueno110.681.176.024.0
acetileno–86.6etano–88.3–94.540,759.3
aniline184.4o-cresol191,5191.38.092.0
de carbono 46.2 diethyl ether34.634,41.099.0 0.719
1,1-dicloroetano57.246.094.06.0
metil ethyl ketone79,645,984.715.31.157
acetato de etilo77.146.1973
Metil paracetato57.040.27327
cloroformo61.2metil ethyl ketone79,679,917.083.0 0.877
n-hexane68,760.072.028.01.101
carbono tetracloruro 76.8 metil ethyl ketone79,973.871.029.01.247
etileno dicloruro84.075.378.022.01.500
acetato de etilo77.174.857.043.01.202
ciclohexano 80.74 acetato de etilo77.1572.846.054.0
etilo nitrato88,774,564.036.0
diethyl ether34.6Metilformato31.5028.244.056.0
cloruro de metileno4040,83070
nitrometano101.0tolueno110.896,555.045.0
tetrahidrofuran 65.6 cloroformo61.272,534,565,5
n-hexane6963.046,553,5
tolueno110.63piridina115.3110.278.022.0
2-metiltetrahidrofuran 80.2 ninguno - -
propilenglicol 188.2 aniline184.4179.54357
oxylene144.4135.81090
tolueno110.6110,51,598,5

Ternary azeotropes

Tablas de varios azeótropos ternarios (es decir, azeótropos que constan de tres componentes). Los porcentajes de las fracciones se expresan en peso.

Código de color fuente de datos
CRC & LangeCRC únicamenteLange es sólo(véanse las referencias)

Ternary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C

Segundo componenteb.p.
Segundo comp.		Tercer componenteb.p.
3o comp. (oC)		 b.p.
azeo.		% wt
1a		% wt
2a		% wt
3a		espectro.
grabado
etanol 78.4acetato de etilo77.1 70,37.89.083.2 0.901
ciclohexano80,862.171776
benzene80.264.97.4
U 1.3
L 43.1		18,5
U 12.7
L 52.1		74.1
U 86.0
L 4.8
U 0.866
L 0.892
cloroformo61.255,53.5
U 80.8
L 0.5		4.0
U 18.2
L 3.7		92,5
U 1.0
L 95.8
U 0.976
L 1.441
carbono tetracloruro 86.8 61.8 4.3 9.7 86.0
3.4
U 44,5
L		10.3
U 48,5
L 5.2		86.3
U 7.0
L 94,8
U 0.935
L 1.519
etileno cloruro83,766,751778
acetonitrile82.072,91.055.044.0
tolueno110.674.412.0
U 3.1
L 20.7		37.0
U 15.6
L 54.8		51.0
U 81.3
L 24.5
U 0.849
L 0.855
metil ethyl ketone79,673.211.014.075.00.832
n-hexane69.056.03.0
U 0,5
L 19.0		12.0
U 3.0
L 75.0		85.0
U 96.5
L 6.0
U 0.672
L 0.833
n-heptane98.468.86.1
U 0,2
L 15.0		33.0
U 5.0
L 75.9		60,9
U 94,8
L 9.1
U 0.686
L 0.801
de carbono46.241.31.65.093,4
n-propanol 97.2 ciclohexano80,866.68,510.081,5
benzene80.268,58.69.082.4
carbono tetracloruro76.865.45
U 84.9
L 1.0		11
U 15.0
L 11.0		84
U 0.1
L 88.0
U 0.979
L 1.436
diethyl ketone102.281.2202060
acetato de n-propilo101.682.221.019,559,5
alcohol Isopropyl 82,5 ciclohexano 80,8 64.3 7.5 18,5 74.0
66.1 7.5 21.5 71.0
benzene 80.2 66,5 7.5 18,7 73.8
65,78.2
U 2.3
L 85.1		19.8
U 20.2
L 14.4		72.0
U 77.5
L 0.5
U 0.855
L 0.966
metil ethyl ketone79,673.411.01.088.00.834
tolueno110.676.313.1
U 8,5
L 61.0		38.2
U 38.2
L 38.0		48,7
U 53.3
L 1.0
U 0.845
L 0.930
alcohol 97.0 n-hexane69.059,75
U 0,5
L 64.4		5
U 3.6
L 34.8		90
U 95.9
L 0.8
U 0.668
L 0.964
benzene80.268.28.6
U 0,6
L 80.9		9.2
U 8.7
L 17.7		82.2
U 90.7
L 0.4
U 0.877
L 0.985
ciclohexano80,866.281181
carbono tetracloruro76.865.25
U 71.7
L 0.8		11
U 25.6
L 10.1		84
U 2.7
L 89.1
U 0.777
L 1.464
benzene 80.1 acetonitrile 82.0 66.0 8.2 68,5 23.3
metil ethyl ketone79,668.28.8
U 0,6
L 94.7		65.1
U 71.3
L 0.1		26.1
U 28.1
L 5.2
U 0.858
L 0.992
metil ethyl ketone 79,6 carbono tetracloruro 76.8 65,7 3.0
U 94.4
L 0.1 		22.2
U 5,5
L 22.6 		74.8
U 0.1
L 77.3
U 0.993
L 1.313
ciclohexano81.063.65.0
U 0,6
L 89.9		60.0
U 37.0
L 10.0		35.0
U 62.4
L 0.1
U 0.769
L 0.98
cloroformo 61.2 metanol 64.65 52.6 4.0
U 27.0
L 3.0 		81.0
U 32.0
L 83.0 		15.0
U 41.0
L 14.0
U 1.022
L 1.399
acetone.56,5 60,4 4.0 57,6 38.4

‡Azeótropo de silla de montar

Ternary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.65 °C

Segundo componenteb.p.
Segundo comp.		Tercer componenteb.p.
3o comp. (oC)		 b.p.
azeo.		% wt
1a		% wt
2a		% wt
3a		espectro.
grabado
acetone 56,5 cloroformo.61.2 57,5 23.0 30.0 47.0
Metil paracetato57.053,717.45.876.80.898
ciclohexano81.451,516.043,540,5
Metil paracetato 57.1 de carbono 46.2 37.0
ciclohexano81.450,817.848.633.6
n-hexane69.045.014.027.059.00,73

‡Azeótropo de silla de montar

Referencias

  1. ^ El Manual de Química de Lange, 10a edición, págs. 1496 a 1505
  2. ^ CRC Manual de Química y Física, 44a ed. pp. 2143–2184
  3. ^ a b c d e Lee H. Horsley, ed. (1o de junio de 1973). Datos azeotrópicos—III. Avances en la serie de química No 166. Vol. 116. American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/ba-1973-0116. ISBN 9780841201668.
  4. ^ "Azeotrope Databank".
  5. ^ a b c d e "¿Qué es un Azeotrope?". B/R Corporation. Archivado desde el original el 24 de abril de 2007. Retrieved 24 de marzo 2007.
  6. ^ a b c d e f h i j k l John Durkee (noviembre de 2000). "Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning" (PDF). metalfinishing.com. Retrieved 13 de febrero 2011.
  7. ^ a b Hilmen, Eva-Katrine (noviembre de 2000). "Separación de mezclas azeotrópicas: herramientas de análisis y estudios en la operación de destilación de lotes" (PDF). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering. Archivado desde el original (PDF) el 5 de septiembre de 2004. Retrieved 24 de marzo 2007.
  8. ^ Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions J. J. Conti, D. F. Othmer, Roger Gilmont. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5 (3), pp. 301–307 doi:10.1021/je60007a019
  9. ^ US4826576A, Berg, Lloyd & Yeh, An-I., "Separación de acetato de isopropanol por destilación extractiva", publicado 1989-05-02
  10. ^ a b c "Zeon Corporation" (PDF). Archivado desde el original (PDF) el 22 de julio de 2011. Retrieved 5 de agosto 2024.
  11. ^ "Modelación y optimización de la destilación de presión para lograr el THF de grado faraón".
  12. ^ a b c d e f "MeTHF training presentation" (PDF). Retrieved 31 de julio 2024.
  13. ^ Índice de Merck de Productos Químicos y Medicamentos, 9a edición. monografía 4653
  14. ^ a b Reinders, W.; de Minjer, C. H. (3 September 2010). "Vapour-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. V. El sistema ácido-metaxilene-formico-agua". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 66 (9): 564–572. doi:10.1002/recl.19470660905.
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