Lista de las estrellas más luminosas

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Fotografía del Sol tomada por la Asamblea de Imágenes Atmosféricas del Observatorio de Dinámica Solar de la NASA

Esta es una lista de estrellas ordenadas por su magnitud absoluta, es decir, su luminosidad estelar intrínseca. Esta no se puede observar directamente, por lo que debe calcularse a partir de la magnitud aparente (el brillo visto desde la Tierra), la distancia a cada estrella y una corrección por extinción interestelar. Las entradas de la lista que aparece a continuación se corrigen aún más para proporcionar la magnitud bolométrica, es decir, integrada en todas las longitudes de onda; esto se basa en mediciones en múltiples filtros fotométricos y en la extrapolación del espectro estelar en función del tipo espectral estelar y/o la temperatura efectiva.

Las entradas indican la luminosidad bolométrica en múltiplos de la luminosidad del Sol (L☉) y la magnitud absoluta bolométrica. Como ocurre con todos los sistemas de magnitudes en astronomía, la última escala es logarítmica e invertida, es decir, cuantos más números negativos, más luminosas.

La mayoría de las estrellas de esta lista no son lo suficientemente brillantes como para ser visibles a simple vista desde la Tierra, debido a sus grandes distancias, su alta extinción o porque emiten la mayor parte de su luz fuera del rango visible. Para ver una lista de las estrellas más brillantes que se pueden ver desde la Tierra, consulte la lista de las estrellas más brillantes. Hay tres estrellas con más de 1 millón de L☉ y visibles a simple vista: WR 22, WR 24 y Eta Carinae. Todas estas estrellas se encuentran en la nebulosa Carina.

Medición

La medición precisa de la luminosidad estelar es difícil, incluso cuando se mide con precisión la magnitud aparente, por cuatro razones:

  1. La distancia d a la estrella debe ser conocida, para convertir aparente a magnitud absoluta. La magnitud absoluta es la magnitud aparente que tendría una estrella si fuera 10 parsecs (~32 años luz) lejos del espectador. Porque el brillo aparente disminuye como el cuadrado de la distancia (es decir, como 1/d2), un pequeño error (por ejemplo, 10%) en la determinación d implica un error ~2× tan grande (por el 20%) en luminosidad (ver aproximación binomial). Las distancias estelares se miden directamente con precisión para d -1.000 años luz.
  2. Las magnitudes observadas deben ser corregidas para la absorción o extinción de polvo y gas interestelar o circunstelar. Esta corrección puede ser enorme y difícil de determinar con precisión. Por ejemplo, hasta que las observaciones infrarrojas exactas se hicieron posibles ~50 años atrás, el Centro Galáctico de la Vía Láctea estaba totalmente oscurecido a las observaciones visuales.
  3. Las magnitudes de las longitudes de onda medidas deben ser corregidas para aquellos no observados. "Absoluta magnitud bolométrica" (que término es redundante, prácticamente hablando, ya que las magnitudes bolométricas son casi siempre "absolutas", es decir, corregidas a distancia) es una medida de la luminosidad de la estrella, resumiendo su emisión en todas las longitudes de onda, y por lo tanto la cantidad total de energía irradiada por una estrella cada segundo. Las magnitudes bolométricas sólo se pueden estimar corrigiendo por partes no conservadas del espectro que tienen que ser modeladas, que es siempre un problema, y a menudo una corrección grande. La lista está dominada por estrellas azules calientes que producen la mayoría de su producción de energía en el ultravioleta, pero estas pueden no ser necesariamente las estrellas más brillantes en longitudes visuales de onda.
  4. Una gran proporción de sistemas estelares descubiertos con luminosidad muy alta han sido encontrados posteriormente como binarios. Por lo general, esto resulta en que la luminosidad total del sistema se reduce y se disemina entre varios componentes. Estos binarios son comunes tanto porque las condiciones que producen estrellas de alta luminosidad de alta masa también favorecen sistemas de estrellas múltiples, pero también porque las búsquedas de estrellas altamente luminosas son inevitablemente sesgadas para detectar sistemas con múltiples estrellas más normales que combinan para parecer luminosas.

Debido a todos estos problemas, otras referencias pueden dar valores muy diferentes para las estrellas más luminosas (ordenación diferente o estrellas completamente diferentes). Los datos sobre diferentes estrellas pueden tener una fiabilidad algo diferente, dependiendo de la atención que haya recibido una estrella en particular, así como de las dificultades físicas en gran medida diferentes en el análisis (véase la estrella Pistola como ejemplo). Las últimas estrellas de la lista son estrellas cercanas conocidas que se colocaron allí para comparar, y no se encuentran entre las más luminosas conocidas. También puede interesar al lector saber que el Sol es más luminoso que aproximadamente el 95% de todas las estrellas conocidas en el vecindario local (hasta, digamos, unos pocos cientos de años luz), debido a una enorme cantidad de estrellas algo menos masivas que son más frías y, a menudo, mucho menos luminosas. Para tener una perspectiva, el rango general de luminosidades estelares va desde las enanas con menos de 1/10.000 de la luminosidad del Sol hasta las supergigantes con más de 1.000.000 de veces la luminosidad del Sol.

Datos

Leyenda
Wolf-Rayet star
Luminosa variable azul
estrella de tipo O
Estrella tipo B
Una estrella de tipo
estrella tipo F

Esta lista se limita actualmente a objetos de nuestra galaxia y de las Nubes de Magallanes, pero ahora es posible examinar con suficiente detalle algunas estrellas de otros grupos de galaxias locales para determinar su luminosidad. Se excluyen algunas estrellas binarias sospechosas en este rango de magnitud porque no hay suficiente información sobre la luminosidad de los componentes individuales. También se muestran estrellas más débiles seleccionadas para comparar. A pesar de su extrema luminosidad, muchas de estas estrellas están demasiado lejos para ser observadas a simple vista. Las estrellas que son visibles al menos a veces a simple vista tienen su magnitud aparente (6,5 o más brillante) resaltada en azul. Gracias al efecto de lente gravitacional, las estrellas que están muy magnificadas se pueden ver a distancias mucho mayores. La primera estrella de la lista, Godzilla (una LBV en la distante galaxia Sunburst) es probablemente la estrella más brillante jamás observada, aunque se cree que está atravesando un episodio temporal de aumento de luminosidad que ha durado al menos siete años, de manera similar a la Gran Erupción de Eta Carinae que se observó en el siglo XIX.

La primera lista muestra algunas de las estrellas conocidas con una luminosidad estimada de 1 millón de L☉ o mayor, incluidas las estrellas en cúmulos abiertos, asociaciones OB y regiones H II. Se muestran la mayoría de las estrellas que se cree que tienen más de 1 millón de L☉, pero la lista está incompleta.

La segunda lista ofrece algunas estrellas destacadas a efectos de comparación.

Stars with 1 million L☉ or greater
Star name Bolometric
luminosity
(L☉, Sun = 1) 		Absolute
bolometric
magnitude 		Approx. distance
from Earth (ly) 		Apparent
visible magnitude 		Effective temperature (K) Spectral type Link Reference
LGGS J004246.86+413336.4 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 19,953,000 -13.5 2,500,000 17.791 40,000 O3-O5If SIMBAD
NGC 2363-V1 (in NGC 2366) 6,300,000 -12.26 10,800,000 17.88 13,500-26,000 LBV (in an outburst state) SIMBAD
BAT99-98 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 5,012,000 -12.01 165,000 13.38 45,000 WN6 SIMBAD
G0.238-0.071 (in Galactic Center) 5,012,000 -12.01 26,000 14.37 (J band) 39,500-44,000 WN11h SIMBAD
LGGS J004158.87+405316.7 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 5,012,000 -12 2,500,000 18.416 30,000 O9.5Ia SIMBAD
[BMS2003] 867 A (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 4,932,000 -12 2,700,000 16.29 (combined) 42,400 O4Iab SIMBAD
R136a1 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 4,677,000 -11.94 163,000 12.28 46,000 WN5h SIMBAD
M33-013406.63 A (in Triangulum Galaxy) 4,677,000 -11.935 3,000,000 16.084 (combined) 30,000 O9.5Ia SIMBAD
[BMS2003] 867 B (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 4,395,000 -11.87 2,700,000 16.29 (combined) 42,400 O4Ia SIMBAD
Westerhout 49-2 (in Westerhout 49) 4,365,000 -11.86 36,200 18.246 (J band) 35,500 O2-3.5If* SIMBAD
HD 37836 (in LMC) 4,169,000 -11.81 163,000 10.55 28,200 B0Iae SIMBAD
Sk -69° 249 A (in NGC 2074 of LMC) 4,130,000 -11.8 160,000 10.68 38,900 O7If SIMBAD
η Carinae A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 4,000,000 -11.77 7,500 ~4 (combined) 9,400-35,200 LBV SIMBAD
R136c (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,802,000 -11.71 163,000 13.43 51,000 WN5h SIMBAD
Arches-F7 (WR 102aj in Arches Cluster) 3,802,000 -11.71 25,000 15.74 (J band) 32,900 WN8-9h SIMBAD
V1429 Aquilae 3,802,000 -11.71 12,800 9.89 ~30,000 B3Ibe SIMBAD
R136a3 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,631,000 -11.66 163,000 12.97 50,000 WN5h SIMBAD
Melnick 42 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,631,000 -11.66 163,000 12.78 47,300 O2If* SIMBAD
Mercer 23-2 (WR 125–3 in Mercer 23 near Galactic plane) 3,631,000 -11.66 21,200 8.646 (J band) 38,000 WNL7-8 SIMBAD
R136a2 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,548,000 -11.64 163,000 12.34 50,000 WN5h SIMBAD
NGC 2403 V14 (in NGC 2403) 3,436,000 -11.6 10,314,000 18.83 7,000 F5Ie SIMBAD
G0.070+0.025 (in Galactic Center) 3,311,000 -11.56 26,000 14.799 (J band) 45,000 O4-6If+ SIMBAD
Mercer 30-1 A (WR 46-3 A in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 3,236,000 -11.535 40,000 10.33 (J band) 32,200 O6-7.5If+ SIMBAD
VFTS 682 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,236,000 -11.535 164,000 16.08 52,200 WN5h SIMBAD
WR 42e (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 3,200,000 -11.523 25,000 14.53 43,000 O3If*/WN6 SIMBAD
R99 (in N44 of LMC) 3,162,000 -11.51 163,000 11.52 28,000 Ofpe/WN9 SIMBAD
VFTS 1022 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,020,000 -11.46 164,000 13.47 42,200 O3.5If*/WN7 SIMBAD
WR 24 (in Collinder 228 of Carina Nebula) 2,951,000 -11.435 8,200 6.48 50,100 WN6ha-w SIMBAD
Peony Star (WR 102ka in Peony Nebula near Galactic Center) 2,951,000 -11.435 26,000 12.978 (J band) 25,100 WN10 SIMBAD
CXOGC J174528.6-285605 (WR 101–6 in Galactic Center) 2,884,000 -11.41 26,000 14.46 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
G0.059-0.068 (in Galactic Center) 2,884,000 -11.41 26,000 13.337 (J band) 39,500-44,000 B0-1Ia+/WNLh SIMBAD
HD 97950 B (WR 43b in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 2,884,000 -11.41 24,000 11.33 42,000 WN6h SIMBAD
HD 38282 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,754,000 -11.35 163,000 11.11 (combined) 50,000 WN5-6h SIMBAD
Melnick 34 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,692,000 -11.335 163,000 13.09 (combined) 63,000 WN5h SIMBAD
WR 102hb (in Quintuplet Cluster) 2,630,000 -11.31 26,000 13.9 (J band) 25,100 WN9h SIMBAD
[BMS2003] 578 C (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 2,564,000 -11.28 2,700,000 15.97 (combined) 34,000 O9II SIMBAD
BAT99-80 A (in NGC 2044 of LMC) 2,512,000 -11.26 165,000 13 (combined) 45,000 O4If SIMBAD
R146 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,512,000 -11.26 164,000 13.11 63,000 WN4 SIMBAD
VFTS 482 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,512,000 -11.26 164,000 12.95 42,200 O3If*/WN6-A SIMBAD
HD 97950 A1a (WR 43a A in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 2,455,000 -11.235 24,000 11.18 (combined) 42,000 WN6h SIMBAD
WR 102ea (in Quintuplet Cluster) 2,455,000 -11.235 26,000 13.18 (J band) 25,100 WN9h SIMBAD
HD 38282 B (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,455,000 -11.235 163,000 11.11 (combined) 45,000 WN6-7h SIMBAD
CXOGC J174516.1-284909 (WR 101–2 in Galactic Center) 2,399,000 -11.21 26,000 11.49 (J band) 20,000 Ofpe/WN9 SIMBAD
CXOGC J174711.4-283006 (WR 102–9 in Galactic Center) 2,399,000 -11.21 26,000 16.56 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
WR 25 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 2,399,000 -11.21 6,800 8.8 (combined) 50,100 O2.5If*/WN6 SIMBAD
LGGS J004444.52+412804.0 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 2,377,000 -11.2 2,500,000 18.1 7,000-18,000 F0Ia SIMBAD
HD 269327 (in LMC) 2,377,000 -11.2 163,000 10.74 28,200 OB SIMBAD
Sk -69° 212 (in NGC 2044 of LMC) 2,377,000 -11.2 160,000 12.416 45,400 O6If SIMBAD
WR 93 (in Pismis 24 of NGC 6357) 2,377,000 -11.2 5,700 10.68 71,000 WC7 SIMBAD
Melnick 34 B (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,344,000 -11.185 163,000 13.09 (combined) 53,000 WN5h SIMBAD
VVV CL041-8 (WR 62–2 in VVV CL041) 2,344,000 -11.185 13,700 10.146 (J band) 34,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
Cl 1813-178 #16 (in Cl 1813-178 of W33 Complex) 2,291,000 -11.16 15,300 9.428 (J band) 30,200 O8-O9If SIMBAD
R136a7 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,291,000 -11.16 163,000 13.97 54,000 O3III(f*) SIMBAD
VVV CL074-12 (in VVV CL074) 2,291,000 -11.16 20,000 12.34 (J band) 22,500 B0.5-2I SIMBAD
Arches-F6 (WR 102ah in Arches Cluster) 2,239,000 -11.135 25,000 15.75 (J band) 33,900 WN8-9h SIMBAD
Arches-F9 (WR 102ae in Arches Cluster) 2,239,000 -11.135 25,000 16.1 (J band) 36,600 WN9h SIMBAD
HD 5980 A (in NGC 346 of SMC) 2,239,000 -11.135 200,000 11.31 (combined) 21,000-53,000 WN4 SIMBAD
HD 97950 C1 (WR 43c A in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 2,239,000 -11.135 24,000 11.89 (combined) 44,000 WN6h SIMBAD
R136b (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,239,000 -11.135 165,000 13.24 35,500 O4If SIMBAD
R145 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,239,000 -11.135 163,000 12.04 (combined) 50,000 WN6h SIMBAD
Var 83 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 2,239,000 -11.135 3,000,000 16.027 18,000-37,000 LBV SIMBAD
HD 269810 (in NGC 2032 of LMC) 2,200,000 -10.56 163,000 12.28 52,500 O2III(f*) SIMBAD
CXOGC J174712.2-283121 (WR 102–10 in Galactic Center) 2,188,000 -11.11 26,000 17.06 (J band) 35,000 WN7-8h SIMBAD
VFTS 1021 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,188,000 -11.11 164,000 13.35 39,800 O4 If+ SIMBAD
ST5-31 (in NGC 2074 of LMC) 2,168,000 -11.1 160,000 12.273 50,700 O2-3(n)fp SIMBAD
HD 268804 (in LMC) 2,148,000 -11.09 163,000 11.21 28,200 OB SIMBAD
G0.058+0.014 (in Galactic Center) 2,138,000 -11.085 26,000 14.704 (J band) 45,000 O4-6If+ SIMBAD
R145 B (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,138,000 -11.085 163,000 12.04 (combined) 43,000 O3.5If*/WN7 SIMBAD
WR 89 (in HM 1) 2,138,000 -11.085 9,500 11.02 39,800 WN8h SIMBAD
R136a5 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,089,000 -11.06 163,000 13.71 48,000 O2I(n)f* SIMBAD
AFGL 2298 (near Galactic plane) 2,000,000 -11.013 33,000 12.164 (J band) 15,500-26,000 B8I SIMBAD
Arches-F1 (WR 102ad in Arches Cluster) 1,995,000 -11.01 25,000 16.3 (J band) 33,200 WN8-9 SIMBAD
Arches-F4 (WR 102al in Arches Cluster) 1,995,000 -11.01 25,000 15.63 (J band) 36,800 WN7-8 SIMBAD
CXOGC J174656.3-283232 (WR 102–8 in Galactic Center) 1,995,000 -11.01 26,000 16.74 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
LBV 1806-20 (in G10.0–0.3 of Galactic Center) 1,995,000 -11.01 28,000 13.66 (J band) 18,000-32,000 O9 - B2 SIMBAD
Mercer 81-2 (WR 76–7 in Mercer 81 of G338.4+0.2) 1,995,000 -11.01 35,900 13.25 (J band) 36,000 WN7-8 SIMBAD
VFTS 545 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,995,000 -11.01 164,000 13.32 47,300 O2If*/WN5 SIMBAD
WR 147S (in Cygnus OB2) 1,995,000 -11.01 5,800 13.86 39,800 WN8h SIMBAD
10584-9-1 (in Messier 81) 1,977,000 -11.0 11,842,000 19.1 18,000 sgB[e] SIMBAD
2MASS J04542610-6911022 (in LMC) 1,959,000 -10.99 163,000 12.68 37,200 O7V SIMBAD
DBSB 179-15 (WR 84–6 in DBSB 179 of G347.6+0.2) 1,950,000 -10.985 25,800 12.5 (J band) 37,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
G0.114+0.021 (WR 102–12 in Galactic Center) 1,950,000 -10.985 26,000 16.672 (J band) 40,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
AB6 A (in NGC 371 of SMC) 1,905,000 -10.96 197,000 12.3 (combined) 80,000 WN3:h SIMBAD
R136a4 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,905,000 -10.96 163,000 13.41 50,000 O3 V((f*))(n) SIMBAD
Westerhout 49-1 (in Westerhout 49) 1,905,000 -10.96 36,200 15.531 (J band) 44,700 O2-3.5If* SIMBAD
WR 22 A (in Bochum 10 of Carina Nebula) 1,905,000 -10.96 8,200 6.42 (combined) 44,700 WN7h SIMBAD
HD 269219 (in LMC) 1,888,000 -10.95 163,000 10.87 28,200 OB SIMBAD
HSH95-36 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,862,000 -10.935 163,000 14.41 49,500 O2 If∗ SIMBAD
Hen 3-519 (WR 31a in Blue Bubble Nebula) 1,820,000 -10.91 24,000 10.85 30,200 WN11h SIMBAD
W61 3-20 (in LMC) 1,820,000 -10.91 163,000 13.55 39,800 O5-6V((f))z SIMBAD
Westerhout 51-57 (in Westerhout 51) 1,820,000 -10.91 20,000 16.958 (J band) 42,700 O4 V SIMBAD
LGGS J004051.59+403303.0 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 1,803,000 -10.9 2,500,000 16.989 18,000-24,000 LBV SIMBAD
MSX5C G358.5391+00.1305 (in Wray 17-96) 1,800,000 -10.898 15,000 15 13,000 B[e]: SIMBAD
HD 5980 B (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,778,000 -10.885 200,000 11.31 (combined) 45,000 WN4 SIMBAD
WR 130 (in Cygnus OB3) 1,778,000 -10.885 21,700 12.13 44,700 WN8(h) SIMBAD
WR 21a A (Runaway star from Westerlund 2) 1,778,000 -10.885 14,300 12.661 (combined) 45,000 O3/WN5ha SIMBAD
V4650 Sagittarii (in Quintuplet cluster) 1,770,000 -12.5 – -10.9 25,000 12.31 (J band) 11,300 LBV SIMBAD
CXOGC J174536.1-285638 (WR 101–1 in Galactic Center) 1,738,000 -10.86 26,000 15.55 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
Mercer 30-7 A (WR 46-5 A in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,738,000 -10.86 40,000 11.516 (J band) 41,400 WN6 SIMBAD
R136a6 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,738,000 -10.86 163,000 13.35 52,000 O2I(n)f*p SIMBAD
VFTS 506 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,738,000 -10.86 164,000 13.31 47,300 ON2V((n))((f*)) SIMBAD
HD 35342 B (in LMC) 1,722,000 -10.85 163,000 11.28 24,000 B0.5I SIMBAD
CPD -69 471 (in LMC) 1,706,000 -10.84 163,000 12.37 42,700 O2-3(n)fp SIMBAD
DBSB 179-20 (WR 84–1 in DBSB 179 of G347.6+0.2) 1,698,000 -10.835 25,800 12.37 (J band) 35,000 WN8-9 SIMBAD
R147 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,698,000 -10.835 164,000 13.02 50,000 WN5h SIMBAD
VFTS 16 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,698,000 -10.835 164,000 13.55 53,100 O2IIIf* SIMBAD
V4998 Sagittarii (near Quintuplet Cluster) 1,685,000 -10.83 25,000 12.534 (J band) 11,550 LBV SIMBAD
Cygnus OB2 #12 A (in Cygnus OB2) 1,660,000 -10.81 5,000 11.702 (combined) 13,700 B3–4 Ia+ SIMBAD
PGMW 3120 (in LMC) 1,644,000 -10.8 163,000 12.47 39,800 O5.5V((f*)) SIMBAD
Sher 18 (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,644,000 -10.8 25,000 12.51 39,500 O3.5If SIMBAD
Sher 47 (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,644,000 -10.8 25,000 12.67 44,000 O4V SIMBAD
Mercer 23-1 (in Mercer 23 near Galactic plane) 1,622,000 -10.785 21,200 10.615 (J band) 35,000 O5.5I SIMBAD
VFTS 1017 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,622,000 -10.785 164,000 14.52 50,100 O2 If*/WN5 SIMBAD
WR 87 (in HM 1) 1,622,000 -10.785 9,500 11.83 44,700 WN7h SIMBAD
HD 269896 (in LMC) 1,600,000 -10.77 163,000 11.36 29,500 ON9.7Ia+ SIMBAD
Pistol Star (V4647 Sagittarii in Quintuplet cluster) 1,600,000 -10.77 25,000 11.79 (J band) 11,800 LBV SIMBAD
AF Andromedae (in Andromeda Galaxy) 1,585,000 -10.76 2,500,000 17.325 28,000 LBV SIMBAD
Arches-F12 (WR 102af in Arches Cluster) 1,585,000 -10.76 25,000 16.4 (J band) 36,900 WN7-8 SIMBAD
HSH95-18 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 163,000 13.87 47,000 O3III(f+) SIMBAD
LHO 110 (WR 102df in Quintuplet cluster) 1,585,000 -10.76 26,000 13.87 (J band) 25,100 O6–8If SIMBAD
R140a1 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 163,000 12.12 (combined) 34,000 WN4 SIMBAD
BI 265 (in LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 163,000 12.38 40,700 O5III(fc) SIMBAD
VFTS 457 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 164,000 13.74 39,800 O3.5If*/WN7 SIMBAD
WR 107 (in Sagittarius OB1) 1,585,000 -10.76 9,400 13.51 50,100 WN8 SIMBAD
WR 140 B (in Cygnus OB1) 1,585,000 -10.76 5,300 6.85 (combined) 35,000 O5 SIMBAD
WR 148 A (Runaway star from Galactic plane) 1,585,000 -10.76 27,100 10.3 (combined) 39,800 WN8h SIMBAD
CXOGC J174617.0-285131 (in Galactic Center) 1,549,000 -10.735 26,000 14.98 (J band) 40,000 O6If+ SIMBAD
CXOGC J174725.3-282709 (in Galactic Center) 1,549,000 -10.735 26,000 16.37 (J band) 30,000 O4-6I SIMBAD
Sk -68° 137 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,549,000 -10.735 160,000 13.346 55,000 OB SIMBAD
WR 102i (in Quintuplet cluster) 1,549,000 -10.735 26,000 14.31 (J band) 31,600 WN9h SIMBAD
HD 97950 A1b (WR 43a B in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,514,000 -10.71 24,000 11.18 (combined) 40,000 WN6h SIMBAD
Westerhout 49-3 (in Westerhout 49) 1,514,000 -10.71 36,200 16.689 (J band) 40,700 O3-O7V SIMBAD
Brey 21 A (in NGC 1910 of LMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 165,000 11.29 (combined) 71,000 WN SIMBAD
HD 97950 A2 (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,500,000 -10.7 24,000 12.53 46,500 O3V SIMBAD
HM 1-6 (in HM 1) 1,500,000 -10.7 11,000 11.64 44,700 O5.5Ifc SIMBAD
LGGS J013245.41+303858.3 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,500,000 -10.7 3,000,000 17.612 34,000 Ofpe SIMBAD
NGC 346-W1 (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 200,000 12.57 43,400 O4If SIMBAD
Sk -65° 47 (in NGC 1923 of LMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 160,000 12.466 47,800 O4If SIMBAD
Sk 80 (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 200,000 12.31 38,900 O7Iaf+ SIMBAD
10584-4-1 (in Messier 81) 1,500,000 -10.7 11,842,000 19.68 19,671 sgB[e] SIMBAD
Object #A (in NGC 4068) 1,500,000 -10.7 14,220,000 21.145 40,000 WN
HD 93129 Aa (in Trumpler 14 of Carina Nebula) 1,479,000 -10.685 7,500 6.9 (combined) 42,500 O2If* SIMBAD
R136a8 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,479,000 -10.685 163,000 14.42 49,500 O2–3V SIMBAD
SK -67 150 (in LMC) 1,472,000 -10.68 163,000 12.24 41,700 OB SIMBAD
[HCD2002] 107 (in LMC) 1,445,000 -10.66 163,000 13.79 40,700 O4-6Vz SIMBAD
VFTS 542 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,445,000 -10.66 164,000 13.49 44,700 O2If*/WN5 SIMBAD
Z15 (in Messier 81) 1,445,000 -10.66 11,800,000 20.495 25,000 B0.5 SIMBAD
AB8 A (in NGC 602 of SMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 197,000 12.9 (combined) 141,000 WO4 SIMBAD
Arches-F15 (in Arches Cluster) 1,413,000 -10.635 25,000 16.12 (J band) 35,600 O4-6If SIMBAD
CXOGC J174550.2-284911 (WR 102–4 in Galactic Center) 1,413,000 -10.635 26,000 15.24 (J band) 30,000 WN9h SIMBAD
DBSB 179-4 (WR 84–7 in DBSB 179 of G347.6+0.2) 1,413,000 -10.635 25,800 12.25 (J band) 30,000 Ofpe/WN9 SIMBAD
LGGS J013235.25+303017.6 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,413,000 -10.635 3,000,000 18.007 33,000 LBV SIMBAD
Melnick 33Na A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 164,000 13.79 (combined) 50,000 OC2.5If* SIMBAD
R134 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 164,000 12.58 47,000 WN6h SIMBAD
S Doradus (in NGC 1910 of LMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 169,000 10.25 20,000 B8/9eq – F0/5:Iae SIMBAD
WR 66 (in Circinus OB1) 1,413,000 -10.635 16,900 11.34 44,700 WN8(h) SIMBAD
HD 37974 (in N135 of LMC) 1,400,000 -10.625 163,000 10.99 22,500 B0.5Ia+ SIMBAD
HD 269846 (in LMC) 1,406,000 -10.63 163,000 11.63 28,200 OB SIMBAD
W61 3-24 (in LMC) 1,393,000 -10.62 163,000 14.03 43,700 O3.5V(f+) SIMBAD
VFTS 621 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,380,000 -10.61 164,000 15.39 54,000 O2V((f*))z SIMBAD
WR 131 (in Cygnus OB3) 1,380,000 -10.61 22,600 12.08 44,700 WN7h SIMBAD
Sk -69° 104 (in NGC 1910 of LMC) 1,368,000 -10.6 160,000 12.1 39,900 O6Ib(f) SIMBAD
Var A-1 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 1,368,000 -10.6 2,500,000 17.143 21,700 LBV SIMBAD
Mercer 30-6a A (WR 46-4 A in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,349,000 -10.585 40,000 10.39 (J band) 29,900 Ofpe/WN9 SIMBAD
VFTS 427 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,349,000 -10.585 164,000 13.76 39,800 WN8 SIMBAD
Westerhout 51-3 (in Westerhout 51) 1,349,000 -10.585 20,000 16.998 (J band) 39,800 O3-8V SIMBAD
HD 269722 (in LMC) 1,343,000 -10.58 163,000 11.52 28,200 OBe SIMBAD
CXOGC J174502.8-290859 (in Galactic Center) 1,318,000 -10.56 26,000 13.93 (J band) 33,000 O9I-B0I SIMBAD
HSH95-49 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,318,000 -10.56 163,000 14.75 58,000 O3V SIMBAD
HD 270145 (in LMC) 1,306,000 -10.55 163,000 12.17 43,700 O6.5Iaf
Westerhout 49-15 (in Westerhout 49) 1,288,000 -10.535 36,200 18.307 (J band) 43,700 O2-3.5If* SIMBAD
Westerhout 51d (in Westerhout 51) 1,288,000 -10.535 20,000 15.11 (J band) 42,700 SIMBAD
WR 18 (in Carina OB1 of Carina Nebula) 1,288,000 -10.535 12,450 10.83 112,200 WN4-s SIMBAD
[BMS2003] 578 B (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 1,285,000 -10.53 2,700,000 15.97 (combined) 32,000 O9Ia SIMBAD
AB7 A (in NGC 371 of SMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 197,000 13.016 (combined) 105,000 WN4 SIMBAD
Arches-F3 (WR 102bb in Arches Cluster) 1,259,000 -10.51 25,000 16.06 (J band) 29,600 WN8-9h SIMBAD
Arches-F8 (WR 102ag in Arches Cluster) 1,259,000 -10.51 25,000 16.31 (J band) 32,900 WN8-9h SIMBAD
HD 50064 (in NGC 2301) 1,259,000 -10.51 9,500 8.21 13,500 B6Ia SIMBAD
HSH95-16 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 13.65 42,000 OC2.5If* SIMBAD
HSH95-20 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 164,000 13.71 46,000 O2If* SIMBAD
HSH95-46 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 14.56 47,500 SIMBAD
R139 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 11.94 (combined) 34,000 O6.5Iafc SIMBAD
VFTS 259 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 164,000 13.65 37,700 O6Iaf SIMBAD
VFTS 1031 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 164,000 13.89 48,000 O3.5 SIMBAD
NGC 2070 MH 980 (in NGC 2070 of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 13.68 42,700 O4V SIMBAD
Sk -69° 194 (in NGC 2033 of LMC) 1,247,000 -10.5 160,000 12.131 (combined) 45,000 B0I SIMBAD
ST2-22 (in NGC 2044 of LMC) 1,247,000 -10.5 160,000 14.3 51,300 O3.5III(f+) SIMBAD
HD 269215 (in LMC) 1,247,000 -10.5 163,000 11.94 36,300 OB SIMBAD
Trumpler 27-27 (in Trumpler 27) 1,247,000 -10.5 8,200 13.31 37,000 O8III((f)) SIMBAD
VFTS 1028 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,230,000 -10.485 164,000 13.84 47,300 O3.5-4.5 SIMBAD
LH 10-3601 (in NGC 1763 of LMC) 1,202,000 -10.46 160,000 13.491 55,000 ON2III(f*) SIMBAD
AB1 (in DEM S10 of SMC) 1,175,000 -10.435 197,000 15.238 79,000 WN3 SIMBAD
BI 253 (Runaway star from Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,175,000 -10.435 164,000 13.76 54,000 O2V-III(n)((f*)) SIMBAD
LGGS J013248.26+303950.4 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,175,000 -10.435 3,000,000 17.25 23,000 LBV SIMBAD
Mercer 30-8 (WR 46–6 in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,175,000 -10.435 40,000 11.658 (J band) 38,100 WN7 SIMBAD
NGC 346-W3 (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,175,000 -10.435 200,000 12.8 52,500 O2III(f) SIMBAD
WR 102d (in Quintuplet cluster) 1,175,000 -10.435 26,000 15.18 (J band) 35,100 WN9h SIMBAD
WR 126 (in Vulpecula OB2) 1,175,000 -10.435 24,680 13.29 63,000 WC5 SIMBAD
WR 20a A (in Westerlund 2) 1,150,000 -10.412 20,000 13.28 (combined) 43,000 O3If*/WN6 SIMBAD
WR 20a B (in Westerlund 2) 1,150,000 -10.412 20,000 13.28 (combined) 43,000 O3If*/WN6 SIMBAD
GCIRS 16SW A (WR 101k A in Galactic Center) 1,149,000 -10.411 26,000 15.5 (J band) 24,400 Ofpe/WN9 SIMBAD
GCIRS 16SW B (WR 101k B in Galactic Center) 1,149,000 -10.411 26,000 15.5 (J band) 23,500 Ofpe/WN9 SIMBAD
BAT99-104 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,148,000 -10.41 165,000 14.52 63,000 O2If*/WN5 SIMBAD
CXOGC J174516.7-285824 (WR 101–3 in Galactic Center) 1,148,000 -10.41 26,000 16.67 (J band) 35,000 WN7-8h SIMBAD
G0.121-0.099 (WR 102–16 in Galactic Center) 1,148,000 -10.41 26,000 14.972 (J band) 40,000 WN8-9h SIMBAD
G359.797+0.037 (in Galactic Center) 1,148,000 -10.41 26,000 16.1 (J band) 30,000 B0-2I SIMBAD
HD 93205 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,148,000 -10.41 7,500 7.75 (combined) 51,300 O3.5Vf SIMBAD
HSH95-47 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,148,000 -10.41 163,000 14.72 46,500 O3III SIMBAD
WR 158 (in Cassiopeia OB1) 1,148,000 -10.41 16,300 11.282 44,700 WN7h SIMBAD
WR 28 (in FSR 1555) 1,148,000 -10.41 18,700 12.98 50,100 WN6(h)-w SIMBAD
HD 303308 (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,138,000 -10.4 7,500 8.17 51,300 O3V SIMBAD
M33C-15235 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,138,000 -10.4 3,000,000 17.73 29,200 WN/Of SIMBAD
ZH 364 (in Messier 81) 1,138,000 -10.4 11,842,000 19.59 15,860 LBV?e SIMBAD
HD 269700 (in LMC) 1,127,000 -10.39 163,000 10.54 19,500 B1.5Iaeq SIMBAD
AB9 (in DEM S80 of SMC) 1,122,000 -10.385 197,000 15.431 100,000 WN3ha SIMBAD
Arches-F18 (in Arches Cluster) 1,122,000 -10.385 25,000 16.7 (J band) 36,900 O4-6I SIMBAD
BAT99-64 A (in NGC 2033 of LMC) 1,122,000 -10.385 165,000 14.073 (combined) 71,000 WN4o SIMBAD
Var B (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,122,000 -10.385 3,000,000 16.208 9,000 LBV SIMBAD
VFTS 562 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,122,000 -10.385 164,000 13.66 42,200 O4III(f) SIMBAD
WR 37 (in SFC 27 of G291.27-0.71) 1,122,000 -10.385 21,900 16 100,000 WN4-s SIMBAD
SK -69 98 (in LMC) 1,096,000 -10.36 163,000 12.29 28,200 OB SIMBAD
VFTS 512 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,096,000 -10.36 164,000 14.28 47,700 O2V-III((f*)) SIMBAD
Mercer 30-6b (in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,072,000 -10.335 40,000 14.25 (J band) 30,500 O6If SIMBAD
VFTS 3 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,072,000 -10.335 164,000 11.56 21,000 B1Ia+ SIMBAD
VFTS 151 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,072,000 -10.335 164,000 14.13 42,200 O6.5II(f)p SIMBAD
VFTS 603 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,060,000 -10.323 164,000 13.99 43,400 O4III(fc) SIMBAD
HD 268605 (in LMC) 1,057,000 -10.32 163,000 11.34 28,200 O9.5/B0Ia SIMBAD
CXOGC J174532.7-285126 (in Galactic Center) 1,047,000 -10.31 26,000 10.72 (J band) 40,000 O4-6I SIMBAD
HD 93403 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,047,000 -10.31 10,000 8.27 (combined) 39,300 O5.5III(fc)var SIMBAD
Mercer 30-2 (in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,047,000 -10.31 40,000 12.63 (J band) 21,200 B1-4Ia+ SIMBAD
R133 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,047,000 -10.31 163,000 12.49 37,600 O7/8II SIMBAD
HD 269786 (in LMC) 1,047,000 -10.31 163,000 11.18 24,000 B1I SIMBAD
HD 97950 E (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,038,000 -10.3 24,000 13.081 46,500 O5.5III(f) SIMBAD
HD 229059 (in Berkeley 87) 1,038,000 -10.3 3,200 8.7 26,300 B1Ia SIMBAD
M33C-10788 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,038,000 -10.3 3,000,000 17.95 32,000 Ofpe/WN9 SIMBAD
Sk -69° 200 (in NGC 2033 of LMC) 1,038,000 -10.3 160,000 11.18 26,300 B1I SIMBAD
Sk -69° 259 (in NGC 2081 of LMC) 1,038,000 -10.3 160,000 11.93 30,000 B[e] SIMBAD
WR 77k (in Westerlund 1) 1,038,000 -10.3 11,000 18.86 35,000 WN7 SIMBAD
10182-pr-6 (in NGC 2403) 1,038,000 -10.3 10,314,000 18.79 8,000 A8-F0Ie SIMBAD
[RP2006] 542 (in LMC) 1,028,000 -10.29 163,000 16.75 29,500 B0IV[e] SIMBAD
HD 93250 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,023,000 -10.285 7,500 7.5 (combined) 46,000 O4 IV(fc) SIMBAD
VFTS 267 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,023,000 -10.285 164,000 13.49 44,700 O3III-I(n)f* SIMBAD
VFTS 599 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,023,000 -10.285 164,000 13.8 47,300 O3III(f*) SIMBAD
VVV CL074-9 (WR 75–29 in VVV CL074) 1,023,000 -10.285 20,000 15.22 (J band) 37,000 WN7/O4-6If+ SIMBAD
WR 156 (in Cepheus OB1) 1,023,000 -10.285 13,400 11.01 39,800 WN8h SIMBAD
HD 269050 (in LMC) 1,019,000 -10.28 163,000 11.54 28,200 B0Ia(e?) SIMBAD
Arches-F2 (WR 102aa in Arches Cluster) 1,000,000 -10.26 25,000 17.84 (J band) 33,500 WN8-9 SIMBAD
Arches-F14 (WR 102ba in Arches Cluster) 1,000,000 -10.26 25,000 16.38 (J band) 34,500 WN8-9 SIMBAD
BAT99-68 (in BSDL 2505 of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.13 45,000 O3If*/WN6 SIMBAD
CXOGC J174628.2-283920 (in Galactic Center) 1,000,000 -10.26 26,000 16.99 (J band) 40,000 O4-6I SIMBAD
CXOGC J174703.1-283119 (in Galactic Center) 1,000,000 -10.26 26,000 16.23 (J band) 40,000 O4-6I SIMBAD
HSH95-28 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.09 48,000 O3V SIMBAD
HSH95-31 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.12 48,000 SIMBAD
HSH95-57 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.8 47,000 O3III SIMBAD
R135 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 13.48 (combined) 50,000 WN7h SIMBAD
R140a2 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 12.12 (combined) 34,000 WC5 SIMBAD
R142 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 11.82 (combined) 21,000 B0Ia SIMBAD
VFTS 64 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 164,000 14.62 39,800 O7.5II(f) SIMBAD
VFTS 591 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 164,000 12.55 27,000 B0.5Ia SIMBAD
VFTS 1034 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 164,000 13.36 34,000 O8II SIMBAD
VVV CL074-3 (WR 75–28 in VVV CL074) 1,000,000 -10.26 20,000 14.72 (J band) 31,500 WN8 SIMBAD

Aquí se conservan algunas estrellas notables con una luminosidad inferior a 1 millón de L☉ con fines comparativos.

Nombre de estrella Bolométrico
luminosidad
(L☉, Sol = 1) 		Absoluto
bolométrico
magnitud 		Distancia aproximada.
de la tierra (ly) 		Apparent
magnitud visible 		Eficacia
temperatura (K) 		Enlace Referencia
Scorpii (en NGC 6231 de Scorpius OB1) 851. -10.085 8.210 4.705 17.200 SIMBAD
♥ Puppis (Naos en Vela R2 de Vela Molecular Ridge) 813.000 -10.035 1.080 2.25 40.000 SIMBAD
α Camelopardalis (Estrella de viaje de NGC 1502) 676.000 -9.835 6.000 4.29 29.000 SIMBAD
WR 78 (en NGC 6231 de Scorpius OB1) 631. -9.76 4,100 6.48 50.100 SIMBAD
Cephei (estrella de Raunaway de Cepheus OB3) 631. -9.76 3,100 5.05 36.000 SIMBAD
P Cygni (en IC 4996 de Cygnus OB1) 610.000 -9.723 5,100 4.82 18.700 SIMBAD
WR 79a (en NGC 6231 de Scorpius OB1) 603.000 -9.71 5.600 5.77 35.000 SIMBAD
ε Orionis (Alnilam in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 537.000 -9.585 2.000 1.69 27,500 SIMBAD
Carinae B (en Trumpler 16 de Carina Nebula) 400.000 -9.265 7.500 4.3 (combinado) 37,200 SIMBAD
μ Normae (en NGC 6169) 339.000 -9.085 3.260 4.91 28.000 SIMBAD
κ Cassiopeiae (en Cassiopeia OB14) 302.000 -8.96 4.000 4.16 23.500 SIMBAD
τ Canis Majoris Aa (en NGC 2362) 299.000 -8.95 5,120 4.89 32.000 SIMBAD
θ Muscae Ab (en Centaurus OB1) 295.000 -8.935 7.400 5.53 (combinado) 33.000 SIMBAD
γ2 Velorum B (en Vela OB2) 280.000 -8.878 1.230 1.83 (combinado) 35.000 SIMBAD
Persei (Menkib en California Nebula de Perseus OB2) 263.000 -8.81 1.200 4.04 35.000 SIMBAD
Orionis Aa (Alnitak in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 250.000 -8.755 1.260 2.08 29,500 SIMBAD
θ Muscae Aa (WR 48 en Centaurus OB1) 234.000 -8.685 7.400 5.53 (combinado) 83.000 SIMBAD
ο2 Canis Majoris (en Collinder 121) 219.000 -8.61 2.800 3.043 15.500 SIMBAD
θ1 Orionis C1 (en el racimo de Trapezium del complejo de Orión) 204.000 -8.535 1.340 5.13 (combinado) 39.000 SIMBAD
δ Orionis Aa1 (Mintaka in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 191. -8.46 1.200 2.5 (combinados) 29,500 SIMBAD
γ2 Velorum A (WR 11 en Vela OB2) 170.000 -8.336 1.230 1.83 (combinado) 57.000 SIMBAD
. Canis Majoris (Aludra in Collinder 121) 151. -8.21 2.000 2.45 15.000 SIMBAD
κ Crucis (en la caja de Joyas Cluster de Centaurus OB1) 151. -8.21 7.500 5.98 16.300 SIMBAD
λ Orionis A (Meissa in Collinder 69 of Orion complex) 150.000 -8.2 1.100 3.54 37,700 SIMBAD
β Orionis A (Rigel en Orión OB1 del complejo Orión) 120.000 -7.96 860 0,13 12,100 SIMBAD
θ2 Orionis A (en Orion OB1 del complejo Orión) 107.000 -7.833 1.500 5.02 34,900 SIMBAD
Betelgeuse 87.100 -7.61 550 0,50 3.600 SIMBAD
Antares A 75.900 -7.46 550 0,6 a 1,6 3.660 SIMBAD
Ophiuchi (en el subgrupo Escorpio superior de Escorpio OB2) 74.100 -7.435 370 2.569 34.000 SIMBAD
Orιis Aa1 (Hatysa en NGC 1980 del complejo Orión) 68.000 -7.341 1.340 2.77 (combinado) 32,500 SIMBAD
Orionis (en Orion OB1 del complejo Orión) 60.000 -7.205 2.900 4.618 33.400 SIMBAD
κ Orionis (Saiph en Orion OB1 del complejo Orión) 57.000 -7.147 650 2.09 26,500 SIMBAD
σ Cygni (en Cygnus OB4) 52.000 -7.06 3.260 4.233 10.800 SIMBAD
Persei (en Perseus OB2) 47.000 -6.941 750 2.86 20,800 SIMBAD
μ Columbae (estrella de Raunaway de Trapezium Cluster) 46.000 -6.91 1.300 5.18 33.000 SIMBAD
σ Orionis Aa (en Orion OB1 del complejo Orión) 41,700 -6.81 1.260 4.07 (combinado) 35.000 SIMBAD
δ Scorpii A (Dschubba en el subgrupo Escorpio superior de Scorpius OB2) 38.000 -6.71 440 2.307 (combinado) 27.400 SIMBAD
ε Persei A (en α Persei Cluster) 28,300 -6.391 640 2.88 (combinado) 26,500 SIMBAD
θ Carinae A (in IC 2602 of Scorpius OB2) 25,700 -6.284 460 2.76 (combinado) 31. SIMBAD
β Canis Majoris (Mirzam en Bubble Local de Scorpius OB2) 25.000 -6.26 490 1.985 23.200 SIMBAD
σ Orionis Ab (en Orion OB1 del complejo Orión) 18.600 -5.934 1.260 4.07 (combinado) 29.000 SIMBAD
σ Orionis B (en Orion OB1 del complejo Orión) 15.800 -5.757 1.260 4.07 (combinado) 31. SIMBAD
θ2 Orionis B (en Orión OB1 del complejo Orión) 12.300 -5.485 1.500 6.38 29,300 SIMBAD
γ Orionis (Bellatrix en Bellatrix Cluster de Orión complejo) 9.210 -5.17 250 1.64 21.800 SIMBAD
Orιionis Aa2 (en NGC 1980 del complejo de Orión) 8.630 -5.1 1.340 2.77 (combinado) 27.000 SIMBAD
λ Tauri A (en el flujo estelar de Piscis-Eridanus) 5,800 -4.669 480 3.47 (combinado) 18.700 SIMBAD
ρ Ophiuchi A (en ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex of Scorpius OB2) 4.000 -4.285 360 4.63 (combinado) 22.000 SIMBAD
δ Persei (en α Persei Cluster) 2.860 -3.901 520 3.01 14.900 SIMBAD
α Scorpii B (en el bucle I Bubble of Scorpius OB2) 820 -3.885 550 5,5 18.500 SIMBAD
α Pavonis Aa (Peacock in Tucana-Horologium association) 2.150 -3.593 180 1.94 17.700 SIMBAD
pira Tauri A (Alcyone in Pleiades) 1.820 -3.409 440 2.87 (combinado) 12.300 SIMBAD
ο Velorum (in IC 2391 of Scorpius OB2) 1.000 -2.76 490 3.6 16.200 SIMBAD
↓ Persei (en α Persei Cluster) 775 -2.483 580 4.31 16.000 SIMBAD
γ Canis Majoris (Muliphein in Collinder 121) 715 -2.397 440 4.1 13.600 SIMBAD
Aquarii (en el flujo estelar de Piscis-Eridanus) 340 -1.589 440 4.71 13.500 SIMBAD
φ Eridani (en la asociación Tucana-Horologium) 255 -1.276 150 3.55 13.700 SIMBAD
ν Fornacis (en la corriente estelar de Piscis-Eridanus) 245 -1.233 370 4.69 13.400 SIMBAD
ε Chamaeleontis (en ε Chamaeleontis grupo móvil de Scorpius OB2) 100 -0.26 360 4.91 10.900 SIMBAD
Chamaeleontis (en el grupo de movimiento Chamaeleontis de Escorpio OB2) 95 -0.204 310 5.453 12.500 SIMBAD
ε Hydri (en la asociación Tucana-Horologium) 60 0,295 150 4.12 11. SIMBAD
τ1 Aquarii (en el flujo estelar de Piscis-Eridanus) 50 0.429 320 5.66 10.600 SIMBAD
β1 Tucanae (en asociación Tucana-Horologium) 40 0,7535 140 4.37 10.600 SIMBAD
Sol (en Sistema Solar) 1 4.739996 0,0000158 -26.744 5,772 IAU

Obsérvese que incluso las estrellas más luminosas son mucho menos luminosas que los objetos extragalácticos persistentes más luminosos, como los cuásares. Por ejemplo, 3C 273 tiene una magnitud aparente promedio de 12,8 (cuando se observa con un telescopio), pero una magnitud absoluta de -26,7. Si este objeto estuviera a 10 parsecs de la Tierra, parecería casi tan brillante en el cielo como el Sol (magnitud aparente de -26,744). La luminosidad de este cuásar es, por lo tanto, aproximadamente 2 billones (1012) de veces la del Sol, o aproximadamente 100 veces la luz total de las galaxias grandes promedio como nuestra Vía Láctea. (Obsérvese que los cuásares a menudo varían un poco en luminosidad.)

En términos de rayos gamma, un magnetar (un tipo de estrella de neutrones) llamado SGR 1806−20, tuvo un estallido extremo que alcanzó la Tierra el 27 de diciembre de 2004. Fue el evento más brillante conocido que haya impactado este planeta desde un origen fuera del Sistema Solar; si estos rayos gamma fueran visibles, con una magnitud absoluta de aproximadamente −29, habría sido más brillante que el Sol (según las mediciones de la sonda espacial Swift).

En su momento se pensó que el estallido de rayos gamma GRB 971214, medido en 1998, era el evento más energético del universo observable, con una energía equivalente a la de varios cientos de supernovas. Estudios posteriores indicaron que la energía era probablemente la de una supernova que había sido "emitida" hacia la Tierra por la geometría de un chorro relativista.

  1. ^ M33-013406.63, también llamado LGGS J013406.63+304147.8, fue considerado como una estrella con más de 8 millones de luminosidad en el pasado, pero una nueva referencia indicó que M33-013406.63 puede ser un binario, la primaria se reducirá a alrededor de 4.5 millones de luminosidad.
  2. ^ Identificado como un sistema binario, o posiblemente tres estrellas. Pero la secundaria está casi completamente empapada por la primaria.
  3. ^ a b Mercer 23 es un clúster abierto cerca del plano Galáctico.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Mercer 30 es un grupo abierto en Dragonfish Nebula.
  5. ^ El papel enumera erróneamente la magnitud bolométrica como -10.5 en lugar de -11.5.
  6. ^ a b c d Este es un sistema binario pero el secundario es mucho menos luminoso que el primario.
  7. ^ VVV CL041 es un clúster abierto.
  8. ^ Cl 1813-178 es un clúster abierto en el complejo de nube molecular W33 Complex.
  9. ^ a b c VVV CL074 es un clúster abierto.
  10. ^ Variable, la luminosidad fue cinco veces mayor en el desembolso en 1994.
  11. ^ Variable azul Luminoso, luminosidad pico mostrada.
  12. ^ G10.0-0.3 es una nebulosa de radio en el Centro Galáctico.
  13. ^ Mercer 81 es un cluster abierto en la nube molecular G338.4+0.2.
  14. ^ a b c DBSB 179 es un cluster abierto en la nube molecular G347.6+0.2.
  15. ^ Bochum 10 es un clúster abierto en Carina Nebula.
  16. ^ Blue Bubble Nebula es una nebulosa Wolf-Rayet alrededor de Hen 3-519.
  17. ^ Strictly speaking, MSX5C G358.5391+00.1305 es el nombre de la estrella, Wray 17-96 es el nombre de la nebulosa.
  18. ^ N135 es una nebulosa de emisión en Gran Nube Magallanes.
  19. ^ a b c Este parámetro se basa en el ajuste óptico-únicamente para estas estrellas.
  20. ^ DEM S10 es una región H II en Nube Pequeña Magallanes.
  21. ^ FSR 1555 es un grupo estrella.
  22. ^ DEM S80 es una región H II en Small Magellanic Cloud.
  23. ^ SFC 27 es parte de la nube molecular G291.27-0.71.
  24. ^ BSDL 2505 es un clúster estrella en Gran Nube Magallanes.
  25. ^ Vela R2 es una asociación OB en Vela Molecular Ridge.
  26. ^ IC 4996 es un grupo abierto en Cygnus OB1.

Véase también

  • Listas de objetos astronómicos
  • Lista de estrellas
  • Lista de estrellas más grandes conocidas
  • Lista de las estrellas más masivas
  • Lista de estrellas más calientes
  • Lista de estrellas más antiguas
  • Lista de estrellas más frescas
  • Lista de estrellas más brillantes
  • Lista de estrellas más cercanas
  • Rayo Gamma
  • Quasar
  • Objeto más luminoso

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