Lista de estados soberanos y territorios dependientes por continente

Comoros is a federation of three islands.

Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.

Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.

Part of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognised Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.

São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, Príncipe.

Somalia is a federation of six states. Two, Puntland and Galmudug, have self-declared autonomy, while one, Somaliland, is de facto independent.

South Sudan is a federation of 10 states and three administrative areas.

• The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.

Sudan is a federation of 18 states.

• The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.

Tanzania contains one autonomous region, Zanzibar.

Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 39 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian–African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.

A de facto independent state, not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.

The de facto ruling government, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, has not been recognised by any state. The United Nations continues to recognise the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the government of Afghanistan.

Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.

Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan The de facto state of Artsakh has been established in the southwest of Azerbaijan.

China contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang. Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:

• Hong Kong
• Macau

China claims, but does not control Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.

China is not recognised by 14 UN member states and the Holy See, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise Taiwan instead.

Member of the EU. The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus.

Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.

Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia. In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.

India is a federation of 28 states and eight union territories.

Indonesia has eight autonomous provinces, Aceh, Jakarta, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.

Iraq is a federation of 19 governorates, four of which make up the autonomous Kurdistan Region.

Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem, an annexation not recognised by the international community. Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law. Israel is not recognised as a state by 28 UN members and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, recognised by a majority of UN member states as the sole representative of the Palestinian people, recognised Israel in 1993.

North Korea is not recognised by three UN members, France, Japan, and South Korea, the last of which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

South Korea has one autonomous region, Jejudo. South Korea is not recognised by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.

Wa State is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognized the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, the State Administration Council.

Nepal is a federation composed of 7 provinces.

Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and one capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it, instead regarding it as a disputed territory. The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:

• Azad Kashmir
• Gilgit-Baltistan

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government. These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.

The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from 138 states. The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed. The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization. The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO, UNIDO and other international organizations.

The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.

Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.

The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognised as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war. Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: Rojava.

Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.

The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.

Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.

Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.

Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.

A de facto independent state, recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.

A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland. The ROC is recognised by 13 UN member states and the Holy See as of 9 December 2021. All these states do not recognise the PRC either. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognising either the ROC or the PRC.

In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations with 58 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates under the One China principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.

The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC. The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations.

Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell, who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See.

Armenia is not recognised by Pakistan due to the dispute over Artsakh.

Member of the European Union. Austria is a federation of nine states.

Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan The de facto state of Artsakh has been established in the southwest of Azerbaijan.

Many states rescinded their recognition of President Alexander Lukashenko following the disputed 2020 election. Lithuania currently recognizes Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's Coordination Council as the legitimate government of Belarus.

Member of the EU. Belgium is a federation of three linguistic communities and three regions.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities:

• Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Republika Srpska

and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU. The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus.

Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus dispute, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU. The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories:

• Faroe Islands
• Greenland

The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Danish Realm. The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU.

• Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.

Member of the EU. France contains five overseas regions/departments; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of:

• Clipperton Island
• French Polynesia
• New Caledonia
• Saint Barthélemy
• Saint Martin
• Saint Pierre and Miquelon
• Wallis and Futuna
• French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia. In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.

Member of the EU. Germany is a federation of 16 states.

Member of the EU. Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU. Italy has 5 autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU.

Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester. The latter, as well as the city of Bender (Tighina), are under the de facto control of Transnistria.

Member of the EU. The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy:

• Aruba
• Curaçao
• Netherlands
• Sint Maarten

Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other overseas territories (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of metropolitan Netherlands. The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.

Norway has two unincorporated areas in Europe:

• Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.
• Jan Mayen is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.

Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antarctic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere:

• Bouvet Island
• Peter I Island
• Queen Maud Land

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU. Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.

Member of the EU.

Russia is a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.

Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija. The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU.

Member of the EU. Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.

Member of the EU.

Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.

Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which is under the de facto control of Russia, along with neighbouring Sevastopol, parts of the Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts.

Former EU member in transition. The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm consisting of four constituent countries; England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:

• Akrotiri and Dhekelia
• Anguilla
• Bermuda
• British Indian Ocean Territory
• British Virgin Islands
• Cayman Islands
• Falkland Islands
• Gibraltar
• Montserrat
• Pitcairn Islands
• Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
• South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
• Turks and Caicos Islands
• British Antarctic Territory

The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown Dependencies:

• Guernsey
• Isle of Man
• Jersey

Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to 183 states. This figure consists of 180 UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and the State of Palestine. In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State") and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.

Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Syria, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.

Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999. Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 114 UN member states and the Republic of China, while 18 states have recognized Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.

Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.

A de facto independent state, recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.

A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester.

Antigua y Barbuda es un reino de la Commonwealth con una región autónoma, Barbuda.

Las Bahamas son un reino de la Commonwealth.

Belice es un reino de la Commonwealth.

Canadá es un reino del Commonwealth y una federación de 10 provincias y tres territorios.

Granada es un reino de la Commonwealth.

Jamaica es un reino de la Commonwealth.

México es una federación de 31 estados y una ciudad autónoma. Los municipios autónomos zapatistas rebeldes tienen autonomía de facto.

Nicaragua contiene dos regiones autónomas, Atlántico Sur y Atlántico Norte.

Saint Kitts y Nevis es un reino de Commonwealth y es una federación de dos islas, Saint Kitts y Nevis.

Santa Lucía es un reino de la Commonwealth.

San Vicente y las Granadinas es un reino de la Commonwealth.

Trinidad y Tobago contiene una región autónoma, Tobago.

Estados Unidos es una federación de 50 estados, un distrito federal y un territorio incorporado. Además, el gobierno federal de los Estados Unidos tiene soberanía sobre 13 territorios no incorporados. De estos territorios, los cinco siguientes son posesiones habitadas:

• Samoa Americana
• Guam
• Islas Marianas del Norte
• Puerto Rico
• Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos

También tiene soberanía sobre varios territorios no habitados:

• Baker Island
• Howland Island
• Jarvis Island
• Johnston Atoll
• Kingman Reef
• Midway Atoll
• Isla de Navassa
• Wake Island

También disputa la soberanía sobre los dos territorios siguientes:

• Bajo Nuevo Bank
• Serranilla Bank

Tres estados soberanos se han convertido en estados asociados de los Estados Unidos bajo el Pacto de Libre Asociación:

• Islas Marshall – República de las Islas Marshall
• Micronesia – Estados Federados de Micronesia
• Palau – República de Palau

Australia es un reino de la Commonwealth y una federación de estados y territorios. Hay seis estados, tres territorios internos, seis territorios externos y un territorio externo antártico reclamado. Los territorios externos de Australia son:

• Islas Ashmore y Cartier
• Isla de Navidad
• Islas Cocos (Keeling)
• Territorio de las Islas del Mar de Coral
• Heard Island y McDonald Islands
• Norfolk Island
• Territorio Antártico Australiano

Fiji contiene una región autónoma, Rotuma.

Indonesia cuenta con ocho provincias autónomas, Aceh, Yakarta, Papua Central, Papúa, Papúa del Sur, Papúa Occidental y Yogyakarta.

Bajo el Pacto de Libre Asociación con Estados Unidos.

Bajo el Pacto de Libre Asociación con Estados Unidos. Los Estados Federados de Micronesia son una federación de cuatro estados.

Nueva Zelandia es un reino del Commonwealth y tiene un territorio dependiente y un territorio dependiente de la Antártida de:

• Tokelau
• Ross Dependency

The Realm of New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:

• Islas Cook
• Niue

Las Islas Cook y Niue tienen relaciones diplomáticas con 49 y 18 miembros de las Naciones Unidas, respectivamente. Tienen plena capacidad de elaboración de tratados en las Naciones Unidas y son miembros de algunos organismos especializados de las Naciones Unidas.

Bajo el Pacto de Libre Asociación con Estados Unidos.

Papua Nueva Guinea es un reino de la Commonwealth con una región autónoma, Bougainville.

Las Islas Salomón son un reino de la Commonwealth.

Tuvalu es un reino del Commonwealth.

Un estado en libre asociación con Nueva Zelanda, las Islas Cook mantiene relaciones diplomáticas con 52 estados. Las Islas Cook son miembros de múltiples organismos de las Naciones Unidas con plena capacidad de elaboración de tratados. Comparte a un jefe de Estado con Nueva Zelandia, así como con la ciudadanía compartida.

Un estado en libre asociación con Nueva Zelanda, Niue mantiene relaciones diplomáticas con 20 estados. Niue es miembro de múltiples organismos de las Naciones Unidas con plena capacidad de elaboración de tratados. Comparte a un jefe de Estado con Nueva Zelandia, así como con la ciudadanía compartida.

Argentina es una federación de 23 provincias y una ciudad autónoma.

Brasil es una federación de 26 estados y un distrito federal.

Trinidad y Tobago contiene una región autónoma, Tobago.

Venezuela es una federación de 23 estados, un distrito de capital y dependencias federales.