Lista de animales domesticados

Esta página brinda una lista de animales domesticados, que también incluye una lista de animales que están o pueden estar actualmente en proceso de domesticación y animales que tienen una relación extensa con los humanos más allá de la simple depredación. Esto incluye especies semidomesticadas, no domesticadas pero criadas en cautiverio a escala comercial, o comúnmente capturadas en la naturaleza, al menos ocasionalmente criadas en cautiverio y domesticables. Para ser consideradas completamente domesticadas, la mayoría de las especies han sufrido cambios genéticos, de comportamiento y morfológicos significativos con respecto a sus ancestros salvajes, mientras que otras han cambiado muy poco con respecto a sus ancestros salvajes a pesar de cientos o miles de años de posible reproducción selectiva. Varios factores determinan la rapidez con la que pueden ocurrir cambios en una especie, pero no siempre existe el deseo de mejorar una especie de su forma salvaje. La domesticación es un proceso gradual, por lo que no existe un momento preciso en la historia de una determinada especie en el que se pueda considerar que se ha domesticado por completo.

La zooarqueología ha identificado tres clases de animales domesticados:

1. Mascotas (perros, gatos, hurones, hámsteres, etc.)
2. Ganadería (pequeña, ovejas, cerdos, cabras, etc.)
3. Bestias de carga (horses, camellos, burros, etc.)

Animales domesticados

Especies y subespecies	Ancestro salvaje	Fecha	Ubicación del origen	Fines	Imagen	Grado y tipo de internación	Extent in the wild vs. cautiverio	Grupo de taxones
Perro domésticoCanis familiaris)	Población Pleistoceno extinta del lobo gris (lobo gris)Canis lupus ssp.)	13.000 BCE	China, Europa	carne, cuero, fibra, caza, pastoreo, vigilancia, lucha, carreras, trabajo, rescate, guía, policía, borrador, paquete, deporte, servicio, terapia, detección de narcóticos, recolección de trufas, control de plagas, investigación, educación, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame (con excepciones), cambios físicos significativos, probablemente cambios conductuales significativos también	Perros domésticos y ferales tanto muy comunes, ancestros o parientes silvestres más cercanos menos comunes, pero no raros	1c Carnivora
Cabra domésticaCapra hircus)	Bezoar ibexCapra aegagrus aegagrus)	10.000 BCE	Irán	leche, carne, fibra, piel, cuernos, vellum, estiércol, vigilancia, lucha, carreras, musgo de césped, control de malas hierbas, tierra de limpieza, espectáculo, mascotas		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Común en cautividad, amenazada en las poblaciones salvajes y ferales comunes	1b Bovidae
Cerdo doméstico (Sus domesticus)	Anatolian boar (Anatolia)Sus scrofa libycus), boar chino del norte (Sus scrofa moupinensis)	9000 BCE	China, Asia occidental	carne, cuero, colmillos, estiércol, vigilancia, lucha, carreras, trufa cosechando, control de malas hierbas, investigación, espectáculo, mascotas		Algunos cambios físicos	Común en el salvaje, mucho más común en cautiverio, poblaciones ferales comunes en algunas áreas	1a Artiodactyla excepto Bovidae
Oveja domésticaOvis aries)	Oveja negra, posiblemente el mouflón armenio (Ovis gmelini gmelini)	9000 BCE a 8500 BCE	Anatolia, Irán	carne, leche, fibra, cuero, cueros, pelts, cuernos, vellum, estiércol, vigilancia, lucha, carreras, musgo de césped, control de malas hierbas, investigación, ornamental, espectáculo, mascotas		Algunos cambios físicos	Común en cautiverio, amenazado en la naturaleza	1b Bovidae
Ganadería europea o ganado taurinoBos taurus)	Aurocas eurasiáticasBos primigenius primigenius)	8000 BCE	China, Asia occidental	carne, leche, cueros, fibra, cuernos, vellum, sangre, estiércol, trabajo, arado, vigilancia, lucha, carreras, borrador, montaje, fertilización del suelo, musgo de césped, control de malas hierbas, espectáculo, mascotas		Algunos cambios físicos	Muy común en cautiverio, parientes salvajes extintos, poblaciones ferales bastante comunes	1b Bovidae
Zebu, ganado brahman, ganado indicino o ganado húmedo (Bos indicus)	Aurocas indiasBos primigenius namadicus)	8000 BCE	Subcontinente indio	carne, leche, cuero, cueros, cuernos, vellum, sangre, estiércol, trabajo, arado, lucha, carreras, borrador, fertilización del suelo, musgo de césped, espectáculo, mascotas		Cambios físicos considerables	Común en cautiverio, parientes salvajes extintos	1b Bovidae
gato doméstico o gato de casa (Felis catus)	North African wildcatFelis lybica lybica)	8000-7500 BCE	el Cercano Oriente	carne, pelts, control de plagas, investigación, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, algunos cambios físicos	Muy abundante en cautiverio; verdadera especie salvaje menos abundante, aunque no rara, poblaciones ferales muy comunes	1c Carnivora
Pollo doméstico (Gallus gallus domesticus)	Bangladesh red jungla ()Gallus gallus murghi) con alguna contribución de la jungla gris (Gallus sonneratii)	6000 BCE	India y Asia sudoriental	carne, huevos, plumas, cuero, estiércol, vigilancia, alarma, lucha, carreras, control de plagas, control de malas hierbas, ornamental, show, pets		Algunos cambios físicos, cambios reproductivos considerables	Muy común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	2b Galliformes
Cochino de GuineaCavia porcellus)	Conejillo de indias de MontaneCavia tschudii)	5000 BCE	Perú	carne, estiércol, carreras, césped, control de malas hierbas, investigación, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, ligeros cambios físicos	Algo común en la naturaleza y en la cautividad	1d Rodentia
burro doméstico, asno doméstico o burro (Equus asinus)	African wild assEquus africanus), incluyendo subespecies Nubian (E. a. africanus) and Somali wild ass (E. a. somaliensis)	5000 BCE	Nubia	carne, leche, estiércol, trabajo, arado, vigilancia, carreras, borrador, paquete, montura, musgo de césped, control de malas hierbas, show, pets		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Algo común en cautividad y como poblaciones ferales, parientes silvestres en peligro crítico	1e Otros mamíferos
GayalBos frontalis)	GayalBos frontalis) con introgresión significativa de otros Bos especie	5000 BCE	Sudeste asiático, noreste de la India	carne, leche, cuernos, estiércol		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Algo común en cautividad, amenazado en la naturaleza	1b Bovidae
Pato interno (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)	Malvado comúnAnas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos)	4000 BCE	China	carne, huevos, plumas, estiércol, vigilancia, control de plagas, control de malas hierbas, ornamental, espectáculo, mascotas		Cambios físicos considerables	Común en cautividad, pero más abundante en la naturaleza	2a Anseriformes
Búfalo de agua doméstica (Búfalo de agua interna)Bubalus bubalis)	Búfalo de agua silvestre (Búfalo)Bubalus arnee)	4000 BCE	India, China, Filipinas	carne, leche, cuernos, estiércol, trabajo, arado, lucha, carreras, borrador, montura, césped mowing, show		Principalmente sin cambiar del animal salvaje	Común en cautiverio, en peligro en la naturaleza	1b Bovidae
Dromedary o Arabian camelCamelus dromedarius)		4000 BCE	Arabia, el Cuerno de África	carne, leche, orina, carreras, caza, paquete, montaje, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, pocos cambios físicos	Moderadamente común en cautiverio, pequeña población feral en rango original, significativa población feral en Australia, dromedarios verdaderamente salvajes pueden ser extinguidos	1a Artiodactyla excepto Bovidae
abeja occidental de mielApis mellifera) incluyendo subespecies alemanas (A. m. melliferaItalianoA. m. ligusticaCarniolan.A. m. carnica, caucásico (A. m. caucasiaGriegoA. m. cecropia), saharaui (A. m. sahariensis) y abejas de miel egipcias (A. m. lamarckii)	-	4000 BCE (la era moderna para A. m. mellifera, los 1880 para A. m. ligustica, incierto para A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasia, A. m. cecropia, A. m. sahariensis y A. m. lamarckii)	Europa (Alemania, Italia, Grecia, Eslovenia y el Reino Unido), Georgia, África septentrional	miel, cera, própolis, abeja, jalea real, veneno, polen, polinización, investigación		Algunos cambios físicos y conductuales, el estado real de la domesticación sigue siendo un punto de contención	Muy común en cautiverio, poblaciones ferales comunes, grado de estatus en la naturaleza poco clara; ver abeja occidental para detalles	6a Hymenoptera
Caballo domésticoEquus caballus)	Población desconocida extinta del caballo salvaje (Equus ferus), posiblemente el tarán o el caballo salvaje europeo (E. f. ferus)	3500 BCE	Kazajstán	leche, carne, cabello, estiércol, trabajo, arado, lucha, carreras, servicio, guía, borrador, paquete, montaje, ejecución, mowing de césped, control de malas hierbas, show, pets		Tame, algunos cambios físicos, principalmente en la coloración	Común en cautividad, muy rara en las poblaciones salvajes y ferales comunes	1e Otros mamíferos
Bovino de BaliBos javanicus domesticus)	Banteng (Banteng)Bos javanicus)	3500 BCE	Bali (Indonesia)	carne, leche, cuernos, estiércol, trabajo, arado, borrador, show		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Común en cautiverio, en peligro en la naturaleza	1b Bovidae
Seda doméstica (Bombyx mori)	Moda de seda silvestre (Bombyx mandarina)	3000 BCE	China	seda, pienso animal, mascotas		Tame/held en cautiverio, algunos cambios físicos	Muy común en cautividad, grado de estatus en la naturaleza poco clara	6b Otros insectos
paloma doméstica (Columba livia domestica)	Paloma de rocasColumba livia)	3000 BCE	la Cuenca Mediterránea	carne, estiércol, carreras, mensajero, ornamental, show, pets		Seleccionado artificialmente y criado en muchas variedades incluyendo razas de carne, razas de carreras/mensaje y razas de plumaje elegante	Relativamente común en cautiverio, muy común en las poblaciones salvajes y ferales extremadamente abundante	2c Columbiformes
Goose doméstico y ganso de cisne nacional (Anser anser domesticus y Anser cygnoides domesticus)	Greylag gooseAnser anser) y cisne ganso (A. cygnoides)	3000 BCE para A. anser, fecha incierta para A. cygnoides	Egipto (Egipto)A. anserChinaA. cygnoides)	carne, huevos, plumas, estiércol, vigilancia, alarma, control de plagas, control de malas hierbas, espectáculo, mascotas		Cambios físicos considerables	Común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	2a Anseriformes
Yak nacional (Bos grunniens)	Yak salvajeBos mutus)	2500 BCE	Tibet, Nepal	carne, leche, fibra, cuernos, estiércol, trabajo, arado, vigilancia, lucha, carreras, paquete, montaje, show, pets		Tame, ligeros cambios físicos	Muy común en cautiverio; amenazado en la naturaleza	1b Bovidae
camello nacional de bacteriasCamelus bactrianus)	camello salvaje de BactrianCamelus ferus)	2500 BCE	Asia central (Afganistán)	carne, leche, cabello, estiércol, paquete, montaje, show, pets		Tame, pocos cambios físicos	Moderadamente común en cautiverio, críticamente amenazado en la naturaleza	1a Artiodactyla excepto Bovidae
Llama.Lama glama)	GuanacoLama guanicoe cacsilensis)	2400 BCE	Perú, Bolivia	carne, fibra, estiércol, trabajo, vigilancia, carreras, borrador, paquete, musgo de césped, control de malas hierbas, espectáculo, mascotas		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Muy común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	1a Artiodactyla excepto Bovidae
AlpacaLama pacos)	VicuñaLama vicugna mensalis)	2400 BCE	Perú, Bolivia	carne, leche, fibra, estiércol, guarda, musgo de césped, control de malas hierbas, espectáculo, mascotas		Cambios físicos considerables	Muy común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	1a Artiodactyla excepto Bovidae
Domestic guineafowl ()Numida meleagris domesticus)	West African cascoed guineafowlNumida meleagris galeatus)	2400 BCE	África occidental	carne, huevos, estiércol, vigilancia, alarma, control de plagas, espectáculo, mascotas		Principalmente sin alterar la población salvaje	Algo común en la naturaleza y en la cautividad	2b Galliformes
Perro Fuegiano o perro Yaghan	Culpeo o zorro andinoLycalopex culpaeus)	fecha incierta	Argentina, Chile	caza, guarda, calidez, mascotas		Tame, ligeros cambios físicos	Extinto en cautividad, pero común en la naturaleza	1c Carnivora
Helechos domésticosMustela furo)	Polo europeoMustela putorius)	1500 BCE	África septentrional	caza, carreras, control de plagas, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, ligeros cambios físicos	Común en cautividad, algo común en las poblaciones salvajes y ferales raras	1c Carnivora
Pato muscúbico domésticoCairina moschata domestica)	Pato Salvaje MuscovyCairina moschata sylvestris)	700–600 BCE	América del Sur	carne, huevos, plumas, estiércol, vigilancia, control de plagas, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, algunos cambios físicos	Común en cautiverio, poblaciones ferales raras	2a Anseriformes
Dove de bárbaro o tórtola anilladaStreptopelia risoria)	paloma de cuello africanoStreptopelia roseogrisea)	500 BCE	África septentrional	carne, espectáculo, mascotas		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Común en cautiverio y poblaciones ferales	2c Columbiformes
pavo doméstico (Meleagris galpavo domesticus)	pavo salvaje del sur de MéxicoMeleagris galpavo galpavo)	180 CE	México	carne, huevos, plumas, estiércol, vigilancia, control de plagas, espectáculo, mascotas		Cambios físicos considerables	Común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	2b Galliformes
Peces doradosCarassius auratus)	Carpa prusiana (Carassius gibelio)	300 CE a 400 CE	China	carreras, control de plagas, ornamental, show, pets		Tame, cambios físicos significativos	Muy común y abundante en cautiverio, grado de estatus en la naturaleza poco clara	5a Cyprinidae
Conejo doméstico ()Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)	Conejo ibéricoOryctolagus cuniculus algirus)	600 CE	Europa	carne, fibra, pelts, estiércol, carreras, musgo de césped, control de malas hierbas, investigación, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, cambios físicos significativos	Común en cautividad, rara en hábitat nativo, común en rango introducido	1e Otros mamíferos
KoiCyprinus rubrofuscus)	Amur carpCyprinus rubrofuscus)	el siglo XI CE	Japón	ornamental, show, pets		Tame, considerables cambios físicos	Muy común en cautiverio, amenazado en la naturaleza	5a Cyprinidae
Canario domésticoSerinus canaria domestica)	Canario salvajeSerinus canaria canaria)	el siglo XV CE	Islas Canarias, Europa	mineria de carbón, lucha, investigación, show, pets		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	2d Passeriformes
Finch de la sociedad o finch bengalésLonchura striata domestica)	Munia de trompeta blanca o pinzón picadoLonchura striata swinhoei) con alguna contribución de la munia india de plata o de blancoEuodice malabarica)	desconocido, puede haber sido introducido en Japón a principios del siglo XVIII CE	Japón	mascotas, espectáculo, investigación		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Muy común en cautiverio; común en la naturaleza	2d Passeriformes
ratón de fantasía a.k.a. ratón de laboratorio (Mus musculus domestica)	Ratón de casa de Europa Occidental (Mus musculus domesticus)	1100 BCE (China), luego el siglo XVII CE (Europa)	China	animales, carreras, investigación, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, cambios físicos significativos	Común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	1d Rodentia
Rata de laboratorio a.k.a.Rattus norvegicus domestica)	Rata morenaRattus norvegicus)	el siglo XIX CE	el Reino Unido	animales, investigación, espectáculo, mascotas		Tame, algunos cambios físicos y psicológicos	Común en el salvaje y en cautiverio	1d Rodentia
Tobillo domésticoNeogale vison domesticus)	Humillo americanoNeogale vison)	el siglo XIX CE	América del Norte	pelaje, caza, control de plagas, mascotas		Algunos cambios físicos y psicológicos	Algo común en la naturaleza y en la cautividad	1c Carnivora
zorro de plata domesticadoVulpes vulpes amicus)	Zorro rojo americanoVulpes vulpes fulva)	el 1800 y el 1950	Isla Príncipe Eduardo; presentada a la Unión Soviética (Rusia)	pelts, pelts, investigación, mascotas		Tame, algunos cambios físicos	Población doméstica muy pequeña, parientes salvajes bastante comunes	1c Carnivora
Hedgehogs domesticadosAtelerix albiventris, A. algirus, Hemiechinus auritus y H. cuellois)	Cuatro toneladasAtelerix albiventris), argelino (A. algirus), de larga duración (Hemiechinus auritus), y el indio de larga vida erizo (H. cuellois)	el decenio de 1980	África central y oriental	mascotas		Iluminar los cambios físicos	Común en la naturaleza, algo raro en cautiverio	1e Otros mamíferos

Animales domesticados y parcialmente domesticados

Debido a los contornos poco claros de lo que constituye precisamente la domesticación, hay algunas especies que pueden o no estar completamente domesticadas. También hay algunas especies que los humanos utilizan o mantienen ampliamente como mascotas, pero que no se modifican significativamente de los animales de tipo salvaje. La mayoría de los animales en esta segunda tabla están al menos algo alterados con respecto a los animales de tipo salvaje debido a sus extensas interacciones con los humanos, aunque no hasta el punto de que se los considere formas distintas (por lo tanto, no se mencionan ancestros salvajes separados). Muchos de ellos no pudieron ser liberados en la naturaleza o dependen de alguna manera de los humanos.

Species and subspecies	Wild ancestor	Date	Location of origin	Purpose	Image	Degree and type of domestication	Extent in the wild vs. captivity	Taxon group
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspecies Sri Lankan (E. m. maximus), Indian (E. m. indicus), Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), Bornean (E. m. borneensis) and formerly Syrian elephants (E. m. asurus)†	-	2000 BCE (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis and E. m. asurus)†	India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Nepal, Borneo, China, Indochina, formerly Iran	dung, working, hunting, fighting, racing, transportation, mount, patrol, worship, show		Semi-domesticated (i.e., captured from the wild and tamed)	Syrian subspecies extinct in the wild and in captivity; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild	1e Other mammals
Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus)	-	3000 BCE	Fennoscandia, Western Russia (possibly Eastern Russia), China, Mongolia	meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, transportation, mount, pets		Semi-domesticated		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Arabian ostrich or Syrian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†	-	date uncertain	Mesopotamia	meat, eggs, feathers, sacrifices			Extinct in the wild and in captivity	2f Palaeognathae
Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah)	-	2320–2150 BCE	Egypt	meat, hides, horns, sacrifices			Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild	1b Bovidae
Caracal (Caracal caracal)	-	date uncertain, possibly 200 BCE	Egypt, India, Southern Africa	hunting, pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspecies Southeast African (A. j. jubatus), Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetahs (A. j. venaticus)	-	1500 BCE	Egypt, India, the Middle East, South Africa	hunting, tourism, pets				1c Carnivora
Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)†	-	date uncertain	Egypt	meat, hides, horns, sacrifices			Extinct in the wild and in captivity	1b Bovidae
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata)	-	pre-modern China (date uncertain)	China	pest control, ornamental, pets				2a Anseriformes
Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus)	-	date uncertain	Egypt	meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets			Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations very common	2a Anseriformes
Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon)	-	ancient Egypt (date uncertain)	Egypt	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)	-	5000 BCE	China	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Common genet (Genetta genetta) and Cape genets (G. tigrina)	-	date uncertain	Africa	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) including subspecies Chinese (A. c. cerana), Indian (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. c. japonica)	-	date uncertain	South Asia, Thailand, Japan, China	honey, wax, pollination				6a Hymenoptera
European fallow (Dama dama) and Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)	-	1000 BCE	the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant	meat, hides, antlers, pets		Semi-domesticated		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)	-	800 BCE	Europe, Asia	bloodletting, surgery, therapy, research, saliva, pets		Captive-bred		7b Annelida
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus)	-	700–500 BCE	Chile, Peru, Mexico	dye			Very common in the wild	6b Other insects
Indian (Pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (P. muticus)	-	500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus)	India, Java	meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pest control, pets			Fairly common in the wild	2b Galliformes
Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa)	-	kept in ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain	Greece	pets, talking bird				2d Passeriformes
Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) including subspecies African (P. k. krameri) and Indian rose-ringed parakeets (P. k. manillensis)	-	classical antiquity (date uncertain)	West Africa, India	pets, talking bird		Captive-bred, plumage colour changes		2e Psittaciformes
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) including subspecies Caspian (C. e. maral), Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus)	-	~1 CE	China, Russia, Europe (including the United Kingdom), Iran	meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets		Captive-bred		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Roman snail (Helix pomatia)	-	100 CE	Europe	meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets		Captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida)	-	180 CE	Mexico, the Amazon Basin	honey, wax, propolis, pollination, pets		Semi-domesticated		6a Hymenoptera
White cockatoo (Cacatua alba)	-	the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE)	China, Indonesia	pets, show		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) including subspecies Triton (C. g. triton) and Eleonora cockatoos (C. g. eleonora)	-	date uncertain	Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea	pets, show		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Great (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Japanese cormorants (P. capillatus)	-	960 CE	China, Japan	fishing				2g Other birds
Mute swan (Cygnus olor)	-	1000-1500 CE	Europe (including the United Kingdom)	meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pets		Semi-domesticated		2a Anseriformes
House cricket (Acheta domesticus)	-	the 12th century CE	Southwestern Asia, China, Japan	meat, animal feed, fighting, pets			Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild	6b Other insects
Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quails (C. japonica)	-	1100–1900 CE	Eurasia, Japan	meat, eggs, research, pets				2b Galliformes
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)	-	1200–1500 CE	Europe, Asia	meat, eggs, pets				5a Cyprinidae
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora)	-	the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 CE)	China	pets		Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable	Threatened in the wild	2d Passeriformes
Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens); Spotted betta (B. picta)	-	the 19th century CE (uncertain for B. picta)	Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo	fighting, show, pets		Very significant physical and slight behavioral changes	Common in captivity	5b Other fish
Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi)	-	date uncertain	the United States, Sonora	meat, eggs, feathers, pets		Captive-bred, plumage changes		2b Galliformes
European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)	-	date uncertain	Europe	pets, singing		Captive-bred		2d Passeriformes
Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii)	-	date uncertain	India	pest control, fighting, pets				1c Carnivora
Gambian pouched (Cricetomys gambianus) and Emin's pouched rats (C. emini)	-	at least 1997, but possibly the early 1990s (uncertain for C. emini)	Sub-Saharan Africa	meat, landmine detection, tuberculosis detection, pest control, pets				1d Rodentia
Black (Francolinus francolinus) and grey francolins (F. pondicerianus)	-	date uncertain	India, Pakistan	meat, fighting, pets				2b Galliformes
Golden (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasants (C. amherstiae)	-	date uncertain	China	ornamental, pest control, pets				2b Galliformes
Common (Phasianus colchicus) and green pheasants (P. versicolor)	-	date uncertain	Asia, Japan	meat, eggs, ornamental, pest control, pets				2b Galliformes
Sika deer (Cervus nippon)	-	date uncertain	China, Taiwan, Japan	meat, hides, antlers, tourism, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) including subspecies East African (T. o. pattersonianus) and Livingstone's elands (T. o. livingstonii)	-	date uncertain	Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya	meat, milk, leather, hides, horns				1b Bovidae
American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)	-	date uncertain	the southeastern United States	meat, hides, teeth, blood, pets		Captive-bred	Once uncommon in the wild; captive breeding has led to the species both recovering across and repopulating much of its range.	3d Other reptiles
Eurasian elk or moose (Alces alces) including subspecies Alaskan moose (A. a. gigas)	-	date uncertain	Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska	meat, milk, hides, antlers, working, draft, mount, transportation, research, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Masai ostrich (Struthio camelus massaicus)	-	date uncertain	North Africa, West Africa, East Africa	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets		Semi-domesticated		2f Palaeognathae
South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis)	-	the 19th century CE	Southern Africa	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets		Semi-domesticated		2f Palaeognathae
Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes)	-	date uncertain	Kenya	meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets		Semi-domesticated		2f Palaeognathae
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)	-	the 1850s	Australia	pets, show, talking bird		Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes, some breeds are physically larger	Fairly common in the wild and in captivity	2e Psittaciformes
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)	-	the 1870s	Australia	pets, show, talking bird		Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes	Common in the wild and in captivity	2e Psittaciformes
Tian Shan wapiti (Cervus canadensis songaricus)	-	date uncertain	Russia, China	meat, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets		Captive-bred		1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
European mink (Mustela lutreola)	-	the 1800s	Europe, Russia	fur				1c Carnivora
Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus)	-	the late 19th to the early 20th century CE	Argentina	meat, fur, aquatic weed control, pets		Captive-bred		1d Rodentia
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata); Cauca (P. caucana), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatán mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei)	-	date uncertain	Barbados, Brazil, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Venezuela	bait, pest control, research, pets				5b Other fish
Lesser fruit fly, vinegar fly or pomace fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	-	the 1910s	Australia, South Africa	research, animal feed		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)	-	the 1920s	China	research, biotechnology, pets				1d Rodentia
Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), Fischer's (A. fischeri), black-cheeked (A. nigrigenis), black-winged (A. taranta), and red-headed lovebirds (A. pullarius)	-	the 1920s (uncertain for A. personatus, A. fischeri, A. nigrigenis, A. taranta and A. pullarius)	Africa, Madagascar	pets		Captive-bred, plumage colour/pattern changes in rosy-faced lovebird		2e Psittaciformes
Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae; various species and subspecies)	-	the 1920s	northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia	pest control, pets				5b Other fish
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)	-	the 1930s	Syria, Turkey	pets, research		Domesticated		1d Rodentia
Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti)	-	the 20th century CE	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey	pets, research		Domesticated		1d Rodentia
Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)	-	the 1930s	the Andes	fur, research, pets				1d Rodentia
Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla)	-	the 1930s	the Andes	fur		Raised in captivity	Critically endangered in the wild	1d Rodentia
Water flea (Daphnia magna)	-	the 1930s	North America, Eurasia, Africa	research, animal feed				6c Other arthropods
African (Xenopus laevis) and western clawed frogs (X. tropicalis)	-	the 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis)	Southern Africa, West Africa	research, pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos)	-	the 1950s	the United States	pets, research		Captive-bred		6c Other arthropods
Ball (Python regius), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai)	-	the 1960s (uncertain for P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai)	Africa, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia	pets		Captive-bred		3a Serpentes
Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai)	-	date uncertain	Myanmar, Thailand, Bali, Java, Sulawesi	meat, skins, medicine, pets		Captive-bred		3a Serpentes
Campbell's dwarf (Phodopus campbelli), winter white dwarf (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii)	-	the 1960s	Mongolia, Russia, China	pets, research				1d Rodentia
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); tiger (A. tigrinum) and barred tiger salamanders (A. mavortium)	-	the 20th century CE (uncertain for A. tigrinum and A. mavortium)	Mexico, the United States	research, pets		Slight physical changes	A. mexicanum Critically endangered in the wild; A. tigrinum and A. mavortium less threatened	4b Other amphibians
Common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) including subspecies Afghan leopard gecko (E. m. afghanicus)	-	the 20th century CE (uncertain for E. m. afghanicus)	Pakistan, Afghanistan	pets		Slight physical modification	Somewhat common in captivity	3b Lacertilia
American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies wood bison (B. b. athabascae)	-	the 20th century CE (uncertain for B. b. athabascae)	North America	meat, leather, hides, fiber, horns, guarding, pets		Semi-domesticated		1b Bovidae
Companion parrots (Psittaciformes; various species and subspecies)	-	the 1980s and 1990s	Australia, Africa, Asia, North America, Central America, South America, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji	pets, show, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, education, therapy		Captive-bred, plumage colour changes in some species (e.g. grey parrot, turquoise-fronted amazon, green-cheeked parakeet and others)		2e Psittaciformes
Turqoise (Neophema pulchella), blue-winged (N. chrysostoma), and scarlet-chested parrots (N. splendida)	-	the 20th century CE (uncertain for N. chrysostoma and N. splendida)	Australia	pets, show		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Green and black (Dendrobates auratus) and yellow-banded poison dart frogs (D. leucomelas)	-	the mid- to late 20th century CE	Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela	pets		Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity		4a Anura
Common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) including subspecies California (L. g. californiae), Florida (L. g. floridana), Mexican black (L. g. nigrita), and Brooks' kingsnakes (L. g. brooksi)	-	date uncertain	Arizona, Florida, Mexico, California	pets				3a Serpentes
Grey-banded kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna)	-	date uncertain	Mexico, Guatemala, Arizona, Texas, California	pest control, pets				3a Serpentes
Thayer's kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana thayeri)	-	date uncertain	Mexico	pets		Captive-bred		3a Serpentes
Milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) including subspecies eastern (L. t. triangulum), Andean (L. t. andesiana), and Pueblan milk snakes (L. t. campbelli)	-	date uncertain	Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia, Panama, the United States	pets		Captive-bred		3a Serpentes
Corn (Pantherophis gutttatus) and western rat snakes (P. obsoletus)	-	the 1960s (uncertain for P. obsoletus)	the United States	pets		Slight physical changes	Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild	3a Serpentes
Madagascar hissing (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and wide-horned hissing cockroaches (G. oblongonota)	-	the 1960s (uncertain for G. oblongonota)	Madagascar	pets		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) and related species	-	the 1970s	Australia	pets		Slight physical changes		3b Lacertilia
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)	-	the 1970s	China	meat, algae control				5a Cyprinidae
Eclectus parrots - principally Moluccan eclectus (Eclectus roratus) and Papuan eclectus (Eclectus polychloros)	-	the 1980s	Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands	pets		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Salmon-crested (Cacatua moluccensis), blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), and Red-vented cockatoos (C. haematuropygia); long-billed (C. tenuirostris), western (C. pastinator), little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana)	-	the 1980s (uncertain for C. ophthalmica, C. haematuropygia, C. tenuirostris, C. pastinator, C. sanguinea and C. goffiniana)	the Maluku Islands, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Tanimbar Islands, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands	pets, show, talking bird		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)	-	the 1980s	Australia	pest control, pets				1e Other mammals
Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni)	-	the 1980s	Australia	pets				3b Lacertilia
Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) and common eastern bumblebees (B. impatiens)	-	the 1980s (uncertain for B. impatiens)	Europe (including the United Kingdom), North America	wax, pollination				6a Hymenoptera
Greater (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rheas (R. pennata)	-	the 1990s (uncertain for R. pennata)	South America	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets		Semi-domesticated		2f Palaeognathae
Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae)	-	the 1990s	Australia	meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets		Semi-domesticated		2f Palaeognathae
Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus)	-	date uncertain	West Africa	meat, milk, leather, hides, horns				1b Bovidae
Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis)	-	date uncertain	Kenya	meat, leather, hides, horns				1b Bovidae
Common degu (Octodon degus)	-	the 1990s	the Chilean Andes	pets, research				1d Rodentia
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus); Persian (M. persicus), Libyan (M. libycus), Shaw's (M. shawi), Tristram's (M. tristrami) and Sundevall's jirds (M. crassus)	-	the 1990s (uncertain for M. persicus, M. libycus, M. shawi, M. tristrami and M. crassus)	Mongolia, Algeria, Iran, Libya, Turkey, Egypt	pets, research				1d Rodentia
Green (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguanas (I. delicatissima)	-	the 1990s (uncertain for I. delicatissima)	South America, the Lesser Antilles	meat, leather, pets		Captive-bred		3b Lacertilia
Carpet python (Morelia spilota) including subspecies diamond python (M. s. spilota); eastern (M. s. mcdowelli), Murray Darling (M. s. metcalfei), Torresian (M. s. variegata) and jungle carpet pythons (M. s. cheynei)	-	date uncertain	Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea	pets		Captive-bred		3a Serpentes
Southern green tree (Morelia viridis), southwestern carpet (M. imbricata), rough-scaled (M. carinata) and Bredl's pythons (M. bredli)	-	the mid-1990s (uncertain for M. carinata and M. bredli)	Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea	pets		Captive-bred		3a Serpentes
Red-tailed black (Calyptorhynchus banksii), yellow-tailed black (C. funereus) and glossy black cockatoos (C. lathami)	-	the late 1990s (uncertain for C. funereus and C. lathami)	Australia	pets, education		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Pin-tailed (Erythrura prasina), tricolored (E. tricolor), tawny-breasted (E. hyperythra), blue-faced (E. trichroa), red-eared (E. coloria), red-throated (E. psittacea) and Fiji parrotfinches (E. pealii)	-	date uncertain	Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Timor, Australia, the Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji and Thailand	pets				2d Passeriformes
Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae)	-	the late 1990s	Australia	pets, show				2d Passeriformes
Australian green (Ranoidea caerulea), orange-eyed (R. chloris), leaf green (R. phyllochroa), mountain stream (R. barringtonensis), magnificent (R. splendida), Blue Mountains (R. citropa) and dainty green tree frogs (R. gracilenta); growling grass frog (R. raniformis)	-	the late 20th century CE (uncertain for R. chloris, R. phyllochroa, R. barringtonensis, R. splendida, R. citropa, R. gracilenta and R. raniformis)	Australia	research, pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli)	-	the late 20th century CE (uncertain for C. aurita, C. calcarata, C. cornuta, C. joazeirensis, C. stolzmanni and C. cranwelli)	Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Ecuador	pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Crucian (Carassius carassius), Japanese white crucian (C. cuvieri) and Prussian carp (C. gibelio); ginbuna (C. langdorfii)	-	the 2000s (uncertain for C. cuvieri, C. gibelio and C. langdorfii)	England, Russia, Japan	meat, research, pets		Domesticated		5a Cyprinidae
King quail (Synoicus chinensis)	-	date uncertain	Asia, Australia	pets				2b Galliformes
Common (Corvus corax), white-necked (C. albicollis) and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); carrion (C. corone), hooded (C. cornix), American (C. brachyrhynchos), pied (C. albus) and house crows (C. splendens); rook (C. frugilegus)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Africa, India, Australia, North America	pest control, research, show, pets				2d Passeriformes
Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)	-	date uncertain	India	fishing				2g Other birds
Southern (Chauna torquata) and northern screamers (C. chavaria)	-	date uncertain	South America	guarding				2a Anseriformes
Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)	-	date uncertain	South America	guarding				2a Anseriformes
Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata)	-	date uncertain	South America	guarding				2g Other birds
Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri)	-	date uncertain	South America	guarding				2g Other birds
Golden (Aquila chrysaetos),eastern imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish imperial (A. adalberti), wedge-tailed (A. audax), steppe (A. nipalensis), tawny (A. rapax), Bonelli's (A. fasciata) and Verreaux's eagles (A. verreauxii); African hawk-eagle (A. spilogaster)	-	date uncertain	Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Africa, Australia	falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets				2g Other birds
Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and white-tailed eagles (H. albicilla); African fish eagle (H. vocifer); white-bellied sea (H. leucogaster) and Steller's sea eagles (H. pelagicus)	-	date uncertain	North America, Europe, Russia, Africa, Australia	falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets				2g Other birds
Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi)	-	date uncertain	the United States	falconry, pest control, show, pets				2g Other birds
Northern (Accipiter gentilis), crested (A. trivirgatus) and African goshawks (A. tachiro); Cooper's (A. cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus); Eurasian (A. nisus), Ovambo (A. ovampensis), collared (A. cirrocephalus), Japanese (A. gularis) and black sparrowhawks (A. melanoleucus); besra (A. virgatus); shikra (A. badius)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Asia, Africa, North America	falconry, pest control, show, pets				2g Other birds
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) including subspecies Western Siberian (B. b. sibiricus), Eastern Siberian (B. b. yenisseensis) and Turkmenian eagle-owls (B. b. omissus)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Russia, Turkmenistan	pest control, show, pets				2g Other birds
Tawny owl (Strix aluco)	-	date uncertain	Europe (including the United Kingdom)	pest control, show, pets				2g Other birds
Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi)	-	date uncertain	Peru	meat, eggs, pest control				2g Other birds
Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis)	-	date uncertain	Sulawesi	meat, tusks, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Red-necked (Notamacropus rufogriseus), tammar (N. eugenii) and parma wallabies (N. parma)	-	the 2000s (uncertain for N. eugenii and N. parma)	Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales	lawn mowing, research, tourism, pets				1e Other mammals
Red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)	-	date uncertain	Australia	meat, leather, tourism, pets				1e Other animals
Tiger (Dasyurus maculatus), eastern (D. viverrinus), western (D. geoffroii) and northern quolls (D. hallucatus)	-	date uncertain	Australia	pest control, pets				1e Other mammals
Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)	-	date uncertain	Bangladesh	fishing, pets				1c Carnivora
Beech (Martes foina) and yellow-throated martens (M. flavigula); sable (M. zibellina)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Russia, India	fur, pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Fisher or Pennant's marten (Pekania pennanti)	-	date uncertain	North America	fur, pest control, research, pets				1c Carnivora
Least (Mustela nivalis), Siberian (M. sibirica) and yellow-bellied weasels (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Russia, India	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Greater (Galictis vittata) and lesser grisons (G. cuja)	-	date uncertain	South America	hunting, pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus)	-	date uncertain	Argentina, Chile	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Common raccoon (Procyon lotor)	-	date uncertain	North America	pest control, show, pets				1c Carnivora
South American (Nasua nasua) and white-nosed coati (N. narica)	-	date uncertain	South America, Costa Rica	pest control, show, pets				1c Carnivora
Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) and cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)	-	date uncertain	North America, Central America	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)	-	date uncertain	South America, Central America	pest control, pets				1e Other mammals
Mountain paca (Cuniculus taczanowskii)	-	date uncertain	Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador	meat, pets				1d Rodentia
Malayan (Hystrix brachyura),Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), African crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupines (H. pumila)	-	date uncertain	Vietnam, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Africa	meat, quills, pets				1d Rodentia
Chinese bamboo (Rhizomys sinensis) and large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, pets				1d Rodentia
Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)	-	date uncertain	China, Laos	meat, pets				1d Rodentia
Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus)	-	date uncertain	the Eurasian steppe	pets				1d Rodentia
Lesser Egyptian (Gerbillus gerbillus), greater Egyptian (G. pyramidum), pale (G. perpallidus) and pleasant gerbils (G. amoenus)	-	date uncertain	Egypt, Libya	pets				1d Rodentia
Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)	-	date uncertain	Europe	pest control, pets				1d Rodentia
Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (C. pectinata)	-	date uncertain	Mexico, Central America	meat, pets		Captive-bred		3b Lacertilia
Chinese cobra (Naja atra)	-	date uncertain	China	venom, skins, pets		Captive-bred		3a Serpentes
Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide (P. e. adelaidae) and yellow rosellas (P. e. flaveolus)	-	date uncertain	Australia	pets		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Western (Platycercus icterotis), green (P. caledonicus), pale-headed (P. adscitus) and northern rosellas (P. venustus)	-	date uncertain	Australia	pets		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica)	-	date uncertain	Australia	pets		Captive-bred		2e Psittaciformes
Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American sliders (T. venusta)	-	date uncertain	Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica	pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Pond slider (Trachemys scripta) including subspecies yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta), red-eared (T. s. elegans) and Cumberland sliders (T. s. troostii)	-	date uncertain	the south-central and southeastern United States	meat, pets		Easy to tame	Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild	3c Testudines
Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Chinese pond (Mauremys reevesii) and yellow pond turtles (M. mutica)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)	-	date uncertain	Florida	meat, pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, medicine, pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)	-	date uncertain	Brazil	meat, pets		Captive-bred		3c Testudines
Saltwater (Crocodylus porosus), Nile (C. niloticus), West African (C. suchus), mugger (C. palustris), American (C. acutus), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), freshwater (C. johnsoni), Siamese (C. siamensis), Philippine (C. mindorensis) and New Guinea crocodiles (C. novaeguineae)	-	date uncertain	Florida, Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Africa, Iran, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea	meat, hides, teeth, blood, fat, guarding, tourism, show, pets		Captive-bred		3d Other reptiles
Crimson (Neochmia phaeton) and red-browed finches (N. temporalis)	-	date uncertain	New Guinea, Australia	pets, show				2d Passeriformes
Star finch (Bathilda ruficauda)	-	date uncertain	Australia	pets, show				2d Passeriformes
Plum-headed finch (Aidemosyne modesta)	-	date uncertain	Australia	pets, show				2d Passeriformes
Grey partridge (Perdix perdix)	-	date uncertain	Hungary, the United Kingdom	meat, eggs, feathers, pets				2b Galliformes
Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara)	-	date uncertain	France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman	meat, eggs, feathers, pets				2b Galliformes
Chinese bamboo (Bambusicola thoracicus) and mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii)	-	date uncertain	China, India	meat, eggs, feathers, pets				2b Galliformes
Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus)	-	date uncertain	Nepal	meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets				2b Galliformes
Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), Salvadori's (L. inornata), silver (L. nycthemera) and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi); Siamese fireback (L. diardi)	-	date uncertain	Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sumatra, China, Thailand	meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets				2b Galliformes
Red (Gallus gallus), green (G. varius), grey (G. sonneratii) and Sri Lankan junglefowl (G. lafayettii)	-	date uncertain	India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Java	meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets				2b Galliformes
Scaled (Callipepla squamata), elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quails (C. californica)	-	date uncertain	Mexico, Utah, California	meat, eggs, feathers, pets				2b Galliformes
Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus)	-	date uncertain	California	meat, eggs, feathers, pets				2b Galliformes
Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae)	-	date uncertain	Mexico	meat, eggs, feathers, pets				2b Galliformes
Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum)	-	date uncertain	Ethiopia	meat, pest control, pets				2b Galliformes
Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), rain (C. coromandelica) and stubble quails (C. pectoralis)	-	date uncertain	Africa, India, Australia	meat, eggs, feathers, pets				2b Galliformes
Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)	-	date uncertain	Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore	nests				2g Other birds
Tarantulas (Theraphosidae, various species and subspecies)	-	date uncertain	North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, Papua New Guinea	research, venom, pets		Captive-bred	Common in captivity, becoming rare in the wild	6c Other arthropods
Crested (Correlophus ciliatus) and suras geckos (C. sarasinorum)	-	date uncertain	New Caledonia	pets		Captive-bred	Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in the wild	3b Lacertilia
Roan (Hippotragus equinus) and sable antelopes (H. niger)	-	date uncertain	South Africa	meat, horns				1b Bovidae
Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), nyala (T. angasii), and Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus)	-	date uncertain	South Africa	meat, hides, horns, pets				1b Bovidae
Blue (Connochaetes taurinus) and black wildebeest (C. gnou)	-	date uncertain	South Africa, Kenya	meat, leather, hides, horns, pets				1b Bovidae
Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) including subspecies blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)	-	date uncertain	South Africa	meat, hides, horns				1b Bovidae
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)	-	date uncertain	India, Pakistan	meat, hides, horns, pets				1b Bovidae
Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata)	-	date uncertain	Southeast Asia	pets, research		Slight physical changes	Fairly common in the wild and in captivity	2d Passeriformes
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)	-	date uncertain	India, Pakistan	meat, hides, horns, pets				1b Bovidae
Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)	-	date uncertain	South Africa	meat, hides, horns, pets				1b Bovidae
Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)	-	date uncertain	North Africa	meat, horns				1b Bovidae
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)	-	date uncertain	South Africa	meat, leather, horns				1b Bovidae
Collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu)	-	date uncertain	Brazil	meat, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, antlers				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus)	-	date uncertain	Virginia, West Virginia, Florida, Montana, Canada, Colombia	meat, hides, antlers, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Chital or axis deer (Axis axis)	-	date uncertain	India	meat, hides, antlers, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Water deer (Hydropotes inermis)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, tusks, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), alpine (M. chrysogaster), white-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)	-	date uncertain	China, India, Russia	meat, hides, tusks, musk				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)	-	date uncertain	Peru	fiber, guarding, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)	-	date uncertain	Peru	fiber, pets				1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)	-	date uncertain	India	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)	-	date uncertain	South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria	hunting, guarding, waste management, tourism, show, pets				1c Carnivora
Red (Vulpes vulpes), Arctic (V. lagopus), swift (V. velox), kit (V. macrotis), fennec (V. zerda), corsac (V. corsac) and pale foxes (V. pallida)	-	date uncertain	Europe, North America, North Africa, Sudan, Central Asia	fur, pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Grey (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and island foxes (U. littoralis)	-	date uncertain	the eastern United States, the Channel Islands, California	pelts, pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)	-	date uncertain	Africa	pest control, show, pets				1c Carnivora
Meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta)	-	date uncertain	South Africa	pest control, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets				1c Carnivora
Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus)	-	date uncertain	West Africa	pets, pest control		Captive-bred		1c Carnivora
Ruddy (Urva smithii) and Javan mongoose (U. javanicus)	-	date uncertain	India, Southeast Asia	pest control, pets				1c Carnivora
Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii)	-	date uncertain	Thailand, Indonesia	meat, pets		Domesticated		5b Other fish
Giant (Osphronemus goramy), giant red tail (O. laticlavius) and elephant ear gouramis (O. exodon)	-	date uncertain	Southeast Asia	meat, weed control, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Red-bellied (Pygocentrus nattereri), piraya (P. piraya) and black spot piranha (P. cariba)	-	date uncertain	South America	meat, teeth, research, pets		Semi-domesticated	Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild	5b Other fish
Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), southern bluefin (T. maccoyii), yellowfin (T. albacares) and bigeye tunas (T. obesus); albacore or longfin tuna (T. alalunga)	-	date uncertain	Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii, North America	meat, eggs		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
European sea (Acipenser sturio), white (A. transmontanus), shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and starry sturgeons (A. stellatus)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania, the Aegean Sea	meat, eggs, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), giant (E. lanceolatus), greasy (E. tauvina), areolate (E. areolatus), dusky (E. marginatus), wavy-lined (E. undulosus), six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)	-	date uncertain	Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy, the Indo-Pacific	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Asia, North America	meat, eggs		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) including subspecies amago (O. m. macrostomus)	-	date uncertain	Russia, Japan, Korea	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta)	-	date uncertain	Europe (including the United Kingdom), Alaska, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania	meat, eggs		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus)	-	date uncertain	the United Kingdom, Poland, the United States, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Japan, Africa	meat, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)	-	date uncertain	the United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)	-	date uncertain	Europe	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Milkfish (Chanos chanos)	-	date uncertain	the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Northern pike (Esox lucius)	-	date uncertain	Europe	meat, eggs, research, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Alligator (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban (A. tristoechus) and tropical gars (A. tropicus)	-	date uncertain	North America, Cuba, Costa Rica	meat, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, weed control				5a Cyprinidae
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, pest control, medicine				5a Cyprinidae
Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)	-	date uncertain	China	meat				5a Cyprinidae
Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)	-	date uncertain	Vietnam	meat, pets				5a Cyprinidae
Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)	-	date uncertain	the Amazon Basin	meat, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)	-	date uncertain	Europe	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)	-	date uncertain	Southeast Asia	meat, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)	-	date uncertain	California, Colorado	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Green (Etroplus suratensis) and orange chromides (E. maculatus); Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis)	-	date uncertain	India	meat, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)	-	date uncertain	the Caribbean Sea	meat, tourism		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)	-	date uncertain	the Gulf of Mexico	meat, research		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Greater (Seriola dumerili), Japanese (S. quinqueradiata) and yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana)	-	date uncertain	the Mediterranean Sea, Japan, Chile, Hawaii	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Southern (Paralichthys lethostigma) and olive flounders (P. olivaceus)	-	the 1980s (uncertain for P. lethostigma)	the United States, Japan, China, Korea	meat		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
European (Anguilla anguilla), Japanese (A. japonica), American (A. rostrata), short-finned (A. australis) and New Zealand longfin eels (A. dieffenbachii	-	date uncertain	Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, New Zealand	meat, research, medicine, pets		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis)	-	date uncertain	Australia, India	honey, wax, propolis, pollination				6a Hymenoptera
Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia)	-	date uncertain	Central America, South America	animal feed, pets		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Mealworm (Tenebrio molitar) and superworm (Zophobas morio)	-	date uncertain	Europe	meat, animal feed, research		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)	-	date uncertain	the United States	research		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)	-	date uncertain	the United States	meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Waxworms (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella)	-	date uncertain	Europe?	meat, bait, animal feed, research		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)	-	date uncertain	Southern Africa	meat, silk		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)	-	date uncertain	North America	meat, medicine, pets		Captive-bred		6b Other insects
Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)	-	date uncertain	China	meat, medicine, pets		Captive-bred		7c Other animals
Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)	-	date uncertain	Japan, Korea	meat, research, pets		Captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Common (Octopus vulgaris), common Sydney (O. tetricus), big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot (O. bimaculoides), Gould's (O. mimus), long arm (O. minor), Caribbean reef (O. briareus), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris) and East Pacific red octopuses (O. rubescens)	-	date uncertain	Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, the Caribbean Sea	meat, ink, research, pets		Captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea)	-	date uncertain	Europe	meat, shells		Captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Garden snail (Cornu aspersum)	-	date uncertain	Europe	meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets		Captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Giant Ghana African snail (Achatina achatina)	-	date uncertain	Ghana, Kenya	meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets		Captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Giant East African (Lissachatina fulica) and African land snails (L. albopicta)	-	date uncertain	East Africa	meat, shells, slime, education, pets		Captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) and inshore hagfishes (E. burgeri)	-	date uncertain	the United States, South Korea, Japan	meat, skins, slime		Captive-bred		5b Other fish
Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus)	-	date uncertain	North America	meat, blood, research, pets		Captive-bred		6c Other arthropods
Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus)	-	date uncertain	Japan, China, India	meat, blood, pets		Captive-bred		6c Other arthropods
Mud crab (Scylla serrata)	-	date uncertain	Asia	meat, pets		Captive-bred		6c Other arthropods
Flower crab (Portunus armatus)	-	date uncertain	Australia	meat		Captive-bred		6c Other arthropods
European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)	-	date uncertain	Europe, the United States	meat		Captive-bred		6c Other arthropods
American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) and wood frog (L. sylvaticus)	-	date uncertain	North America	meat, education, research, pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Northern green frog (Lithobates clamitans melanota)	-	date uncertain	North America	pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Pig frog (Lithobates grylio)	-	date uncertain	North America	meat, pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)	-	date uncertain	Europe	meat, pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)	-	date uncertain	Java	meat		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) and Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus)	-	date uncertain	China, Thailand	meat, pets		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa)	-	date uncertain	China	meat		Captive-bred		4a Anura
Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)	-	the 14th century CE	Europe	meat		Captured in the wild or captive-bred	Extended in the wild and in captivity	7a Mollusca
New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus)	-	the 1970s	New Zealand	meat		Captured in the wild and captive-bred		7a Mollusca
Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris)	-	classical antiquity (date uncertain)	the central and western Mediterranean Sea	Tyrian purple, meat		Captive-bred	No longer bred	7a Mollusca
Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)	-	the 19th century CE	North America	pelts, pest control, pets		Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes	Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity	1c Carnivora

Grupos taxonómicos

Las categorías utilizadas en la columna del grupo taxonómico son:

• 1a: Artiodactyla excepto Bovidae, 1b: Bovidae, 1c: Carnivora, 1d: Rodentia, 1e: Otros mamíferos
• 2a: Anseriformes, 2b: Galliformes, 2c: Columbiformes, 2d: Passeriformes, 2e: Psittaciformes, 2f: Palaeognathae 2g: Otros pájaros
• 3a: Serpentes, 3b: Lacertilia, 3c: Testudines, 3d: Otros reptiles
• 4a: Anura, 4b: Otros anfibios
• 5a: Cyprinidae, 5b: Otros peces
• 6a: Hymenoptera, 6b: Otros insectos, 6c: Otros artrópodos
• 7a: Mollusca, 7b: Annelida, 7c: Otros animales